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991.
Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by
adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary
experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10−5 M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was −1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was −0.8 V. The peak potentials were
found −0.652 V for Cd and −0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification
(LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 μg l−1 (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 μg l−1 (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples
are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of
the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry
method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained. 相似文献
992.
993.
Spectroscopic Distribution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Dam Reservoir Impacted by Turbid Storm Runoff 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a large dam reservoir were determined using ultraviolet
absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate spatial distribution of DOM composition after turbid storm runoff.
Water samples were collected along a longitudinal axis of the reservoir at three to four depths after a severe storm runoff.
Vertical profiles of turbidity data showed that a turbid water layer was located at a middle depth of the entire reservoir.
The spectroscopic characteristics of DOM samples in the turbid water layer were similar to those of terrestrial DOM, as demonstrated
by the higher specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and the lower fluorescence emission intensity ratio (F
450/F
500) compared to other surrounding DOM samples in the reservoir. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that higher content
of humic-like DOM composition was contained in the turbid water. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) showed that
lower content of protein-like aromatic amino acids was present in the turbid water DOM. The highest protein-like fluorescence
was typically observed at a bottom layer of each sampling location. The bottom water DOM exhibited extremely high protein-like
florescence near the dam site. The particular observation was attributed to the low water temperature and the isolation of
the local bottom water due to the upper location of the withdrawal outlet near the dam. Our results suggest that the distribution
of DOM composition in a dam reservoir is strongly influenced by the outflow operation, such as selective withdrawal, as well
as terrestrial-origin DOM inputs from storm runoff. 相似文献
994.
NOx分解还原催化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍和评价了NO_x分解还原的3类催化剂:贵金属催化剂、氧化物催化剂、金属离子置换的分子筛。在NO_x的碳氢化合物选择性催化还原反应(HC-SCR反应)中,同样有3类催化剂,即金属氧化物、贵金属和分子筛。由于Cu-ZSM-5是目前最有希望投入实际使用的一种,故本文重点介绍了它对NO_x的HC-SCR反应的催化机理,以及温度、O_2含量、Cu~(2+)的置换度、不同种类HC及HC含量等各种因素对Cu-ZSM-5的影响,并对其工作台试验进行了评价,指出了其存在的问题及当前的研究热点。 相似文献
995.
对使用溶剂型油墨的凹版印刷设备和使用水性油墨的柔版印刷设备无组织排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度进行了实际监测,并采用计算流体动力学模拟无组织排放VOCs的收集效率。结果表明:(1)使用溶剂型油墨的凹版连续印刷过程非甲烷总烃(NMHC)最高均值达到5 975.67 mg/m3,约为使用水性油墨的柔版印刷(191.67 mg/m3)的31.2倍。虽然使用水性油墨可明显降低NMHC的排放,但其操作空间的浓度依然存在超过《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1—2019)的现象。(2)印刷车间应该设置专门的调墨室,能缓解印刷车间内挥发性污染气体浓度的波动。(3)计算流体动力学模拟显示,设置合理的集气罩可有效降低VOCs的无组织排放,收集效率为70%~75%。 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
基于船舶AIS数据的船舶废气排放评估计算模型,以高斯烟团扩散模型为核心,结合船舶航行和排放特征,构建移动船舶源排放烟团扩散模型。利用控制变量法,在其他变量参数相同条件下,分别设定不同风向、不同大气稳定度、不同高程平面,仿真模拟航行状态下的船舶排放烟团扩散至空间环境中的质量浓度分布情况,分析船舶在不同环境参数下的扩散特征。结果表明,仿真模拟结果与实际气体空间质量浓度分布情况相符。通过在深圳市盐田港区布设船舶废气排放岸基固定嗅探监测设备,对港区进、离港和过往船舶进行大气污染物排放组分(SO2、CO2、NO、NO2)全天在线实时监测,以SO2作为试验样本气体,船舶排放的SO2排放至监测站的模拟质量浓度与实际监测质量浓度标准误差为19.81%,在合理的误差范围内,验证了船舶废气排放扩散模拟计算方法的科学有效性。 相似文献
999.
有关全球气候变化问题上的公平性分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从《联合国气候变化》了发,对人类社会应对气候变化中的“公平”性问题,从不同角度进行了系统讨论。对发展中国家和发达国家在公平原则下责任、义务及优先事项的差别进行了分析,提出并分析了以人均碳排放权相等为标准,到目标年(例2100年)各国人均碳排放量及过渡期内(例1990-2100)人均累积碳排放量两个趋同的碳排放权分配原则。 相似文献
1000.
Zhuang Yahui Zhang Hongxun Wang Xiaoke & Li Changsheng Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box Beijing China Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH U.S.A. 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,(3)
The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures. 相似文献