盐胁迫对3种冷季型草坪草生长的影响

冷季型草坪草在不同盐离子含量的胁迫下生长,其各项生理指标都会发生相应的变化,这些变化可以反应出不同草坪草抗逆性的强弱.本实验所用的品种为早熟禾P.Pratensis L.、黑麦草L.Perenne L.、高羊茅F.Arundinacea Schreb..3种草均为冷季型草坪草.将氯化钠溶液设为5个处理,其质量分数分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和一个对照,每个处理3次重复.将处理后3种草坪草的种子,播于营养钵中,实验室内培养.每日浇灌相对应的盐溶液,浇灌量为约2/3的溶液流出.待幼苗长到5～7 cm时,进行测定.在盐胁迫条件下,通过对黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾的发芽率、POD酶活性、质膜相对电导率等生理指标测定的研究,结果表明黑麦草抗盐性较强,早熟禾的耐盐性较弱.为在盐碱地上种植草坪提供了参考依据.     

Effects of Weed-Management Burning on Reptile Assemblages in Australian Tropical Savannas

Abstract: Fire is frequently used for land management purposes and may be crucial for effective control of invasive non‐native plants. Nevertheless, fire modifies environments and may affect nontarget native biodiversity, which can cause conflicts for conservation managers. Native Australian reptiles avoid habitat invaded by the alien plant rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) and may be susceptible to the impacts of burning, a situation that provides a model system in which to examine possible conservation trade‐offs between managing invasive plants and maintaining native biodiversity. We used replicated, experimental fire treatments (unburned, dry‐season burned, and wet‐season burned) in 2 habitats (riparian and adjacent open woodland) to examine the short‐ (within 12 months of fire) and longer‐term (within 3 years of fire) changes of reptile assemblages in response to wet‐ and dry‐season burning for weed management in tropical savannas of northern Australia. Within 12 months of fire, abundances of the skink Carlia munda (Scincidae) were higher in the burned sites, but overall reptile composition was structured by habitat type rather than by effects of burning. Within 3 years of a fire, the effects of fire were evident. Reptiles, especially the gecko Heteronotia binoei (Gekkonidae), were least abundant in dry‐season burned sites; litter‐associated species, including Carlia pectoralis (Scincidae), were rarely observed in burned habitat; and there were fewer species in the wet‐season burned sites. Reptile abundance was associated with vegetation structure, which suggests that fire‐induced changes detrimentally altered the availability of resources for some reptiles, particularly leaf‐litter species. Invasive alien plants, such as rubber vine, have severe effects on native biodiversity, and control of such species is a fundamental land management objective. Nevertheless, fire management of invasive alien plants may adversely affect native biodiversity, creating a conservation conundrum. In such scenarios, land managers will need to identify the most desired conservation goal and consider the consequences for native biota.     

长江地面水丰水期高锰酸盐指数监测分析的一点改进

长江地面水在产水期呈黄色浑浊状态。按GB11892 -89进行高锰酸盐指数分析。滴定时 ,由于受剩余悬浮物的干挠 ,水样呈浅黄色。因而滴定终点微红色极难判断。通过本文描述方法改进后 ,滴定时样品为无色滤液。滴定终点微红色非常明显。提高了滴定分析的准确度。     

Characteristic Study of Ambient Air Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Concentrations During Rainy and Non-Rainy Periods at a Traffic Site in Taiwan

This investigation studied the concentrations of ambient air total gaseous mercury (TGM) during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site in central Taiwan from May 26 to June 16, 2014. The results were compared with those of a previous study for ambient air TGM during non-rainy daytime and nighttime periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site, which was conducted during March 21 to July 20, 2012. The observed mean concentration of ambient air TGM was 1.16 ng/m³ during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site. The mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in daytime than in the rainy sampling period from this study. The mean ratio of non-rainy sampling period in daytime to that of rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 3.15. Furthermore, the mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in nighttime in than in the rainy sampling period for this study. The mean rations for non-rainy sampling period in nighttime to that of the rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 2.70. The results obtained in this study also revealed that the ambient air TGM concentrations during the rainy period had the lowest concentrations when compared with the other sampling sites in other world regions.     

闽江口湿地的鸟类研究

1998－2000年对福建省闽江口湿地的鸟类资源进行了调查，共记录鸟类86种，隶属11目23科，其中古北界鸟类59种（68.6%），东洋界鸟类27种（31.4%），区系组成呈现南、北鸟类混杂分布，以古北界鸟类为主的特征，留鸟12种，占鸟类总数13.9％；迁徒鸟74种，占86.1%。该湿地鸟类的多样性表现出明显的季节性，迁徒季节鸟类的各类和数量都最多，繁殖季节则最少，该湿地有国家二级保护鸟类9种，中日修鸟保护协定名录中的鸟类49种，并对鸟类资源的保护和管理提出了建议。     

重庆市绵雨的分类与指标及其时空分布规律

按时间(季节)差异将重庆市绵雨划分为：春绵雨、初夏绵雨、盛夏绵雨、秋绵雨和冬绵雨5种。提出了重庆市绵雨的单站指标、区域指标和分区指标，进而全面分析了各季节绵雨的发生情况，揭示了重庆绵雨的时空分布规律。从季节来看，以秋绵雨最为突出，发生频率达77．9％，初夏次之，为59．6％，其它季节在30％左右；重绵雨和严重绵雨主要发生在秋季和初夏；其区域分布特征是，春季以东南部较多，盛夏分布差异相对较小，初夏、秋季和冬季都是西部和东南部多，东北部少。分别划分了各季节绵雨的分布类型变化趋势。     

太湖重污染区麦季养分输入与流失规律研究

为了识别太湖流域重污染区典型麦季污染物流失规律,以田间单元为研究对象,研究了麦季不同施肥处理条件下营养元素的输入和流失与降雨的关系。结果表明,大气湿沉降和施肥输入氮素190.23 kg/hm2,磷素19.12 kg/hm2;优化施肥-秸秆还田处理条件下COD、总氮和总磷平均流失量均小于常规施肥处理,而小麦产量有一定增加,说明采用深施化肥可以降低营养元素的流失,而秸秆还田措施对小麦产量的增加有一定帮助;径流流失中氮的形态以硝态氮为主,硝氮、氨氮平均浓度分别占总氮浓度的85.8%和4.84%,所以重污染区农田径流污染应着重考虑硝态氮的处理。文章研究结果可为太湖流域重污染区农田径流流失的治理提供基础性支撑。     

星云湖浮游植物和水环境特征研究及相关性分析

于2010年9月(丰水期)和2011年3月(枯水期)对星云湖水环境特征进行调查研究。结果表明星云湖枯水期各营养盐分布较均匀;而丰水期藻类的大量繁殖打乱了水体中营养盐的均匀分布。对水生态调查结果显示,星云湖丰水期叶绿素a含量最高达到了736.56 mg/m3,位于螺狮铺和大庄河附近,浮游植物总量最高达到6.1×109个/L,蓝藻为优势种;枯水期叶绿素a含量最高达到了89.28 mg/m3,位于陈家湾和河咀附近,浮游植物总量最高达到1.04×109个/L。通过相关性分析和聚类分析可知,星云湖浮游植物总量与叶绿素a和总氮呈显著性相关关系,在丰水期和枯水期星云湖水环境状况存在较大的差别,水质易受外界环境条件的影响。在星云湖水华防治工作中,建议重点应关注各湖湾区域,尤其是南部区域的螺狮铺和大庄河附近。     

桂林市峰林平原区岩溶水文地球化学特征

峰林平原区往往作为岩溶地下水系统的主要径流、排泄地段且人类活动密集,其水文地球化学特征具有一定的独特性.对典型峰林平原区岩溶水文地球化学特征进行合理分析,不仅能够反应峰林平原区在丰水期的补给模式,而且也能够反应出人类活动对岩溶盆地中水化学组分的影响.通过对桂林市典型峰林平原区的补给区、内排泄区、补给径流区、排泄区岩溶地下水主要出露点和漓江上下游在丰水期与枯水期的野外取样、现场测试,对各化学指标进行空间和时间上的对比分析,结果表明:桂林市峰林平原区水文地球化学性质在丰水期与枯水期均呈现出明显的空间分布规律,且含水层介质岩性对地下水主要离子组分具有强烈的控制作用;丰水期的岩溶水文地球化学信息反应了在峰林平原区内排泄与补给径流区的补给模式以快速流为主,第四系土壤孔隙水垂向补给次之;桂林市峰林平原区人类活动对岩溶水化学性质具有一定的影响,主要为生活污染与农业污染,其重点防护区为内排泄区与补给径流区.     

不同水期鄱阳湖主要污染物河流入湖通量研究

通过同步监测2010年-2013年入湖监测断面水质和水量,分别计算了丰水期、平水期和枯水期以及全年入湖污染物通量.结果表明,2010年-2013年,入湖10个断面水质达标率在80％～100％之间,化学需氧量均是进入鄱阳湖的主要污染物.各污染物主要通过赣江主支、赣江中支、赣江南支、赣江北支、信江西支和饶河6条河流进入鄱阳湖;氨氮浓度年均值与水量相关性均呈负相关,而化学需氧量、总磷和总氮浓度年均值与水量无明显相关性.