化学诱变结合结构类似物法选育高苯丙氨酸解氨酶菌种

ＥＭＳ诱变结合结构类似物法提高含ＰＡＬ出发菌株红酵母Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ＣＩＢＡＳＡ１４０１１００ 生物转化能力阳性率为３５．５ ％ ,部分突变株ＰＡＬ转化能力提高１ 倍以上,其中Ｅ１０５,Ｅ２４０ 具有快速转化能力,反应３ ｈＬＰｈｅ累积浓度达到１ ｇＬ左右．φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 对ＰＡＬ转化具有明显的稳定作用．用含φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 的反应液进行生物转化制备,Ｅ１０５ 和Ｅ２４０ 在２４ ｈ 期间ＬＰｈｅ 质量浓度大于２０ ｇＬ,转化率达８０ ％ ．     

我国银杏种植业开发前景分析

本文根据我国银杏种植业的发展现状,分析了我国银杏种植业的开发前景     

水杨酸对小麦高盐毒害的缓解作用

以盐敏感品种中国春、农大８５０２１和抗盐品种冬６８、茶淀红等４个品种小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）为材料,研究盐分胁迫对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响以及水杨酸对盐害的缓解作用．结果表明,水杨酸能够相对提高盐分胁迫条件下小麦种子萌发的数量、速度和质量;提高幼苗根和叶内游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质的含量,增强其渗透调节能力,同时提高幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,抑制膜脂过氧化作用产物丙二醛的积累,降低叶片质膜透性和盐分胁迫对细胞膜的伤害．所有这些变化都有利于缓解盐害,提高小麦抗盐性     

磷肥对砷污染土壤的植物修复效率的影响:田间实例研究

通过田间试验研究施用磷肥对砷超富集植物蜈蚣草(PterisvittataL.)生长和砷污染土壤修复效率的影响.结果表明,适量施用磷肥促进蜈蚣草的生长,显著提高其生物量,但过量施用磷肥对植物产量无贡献.随着磷肥施用量的增加,蜈蚣草地上部砷含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,理论上在施磷量为340kg·hm-2时,砷含量可达最高(1622mg·kg-1).磷的含量与施磷量呈极显著的正相关关系.施磷量为200kg·hm-2的砷累积量最高,是不施磷处理砷累积量的2 4倍及600kg·hm-2施磷量砷累积量的1 2倍.种植蜈蚣草7个月后,土壤总砷均有不同程度的下降,施磷量为200kg·hm-2的土壤中砷含量下降5 0mg·kg-1,土壤修复效率最高(7 84%).对照和600kg·hm-2施磷量处理的土壤修复效率分别为2 31%和6 63%.理论上达到最大土壤修复效率所需施磷量为369kg·hm-2.施用磷肥可以维持土壤有效态砷含量在蜈蚣草种植前后变化不大,保证蜈蚣草下个生育期对砷的吸收.这些结果说明施用磷肥是蜈蚣草等砷超富集植物在现场修复中的必要手段,优化施磷技术可大大提高砷污染土壤的修复效率.     

Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

过电位抛光增材制造双极板流道结构及性能研究

目的 研究过电位抛光对不锈钢异形截面微流道内壁成形性及双极板性能的影响。方法 采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粗糙度测试分别对激光粉末床熔融技术成形异形截面微流道进行测试分析,研究抛光时间对微流道内壁表面形貌、典型缺陷、表面粗糙度及双极板耐腐蚀性的影响。结果 在抛光前10 min,微流道内壁的质量得到有效提升,随着抛光时间的延长,其表面粗糙度达到稳定值,同时典型缺陷也由黏粉、半熔金属颗粒等局部缺陷逐渐变化到球化、挂渣、阶梯效应等大范围缺陷,直至出现点蚀现象。抛光时间在5～15 min内,LPBF成形316L不锈钢表面质量提升,随着抛光时间的增加,其耐腐蚀性下降。结论 采用过电位抛光工艺并选择适当的过电位抛光时间,能有效提升微流道内壁成形质量及双极板耐腐蚀性能。     

Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

• Smart wetland was designed to treat wastewater according to zero waste principle. • The system included a dynamic roughing filter, Cyperus papyrus (L.) and zeolite. • It removed 98.8 and 99.8% of chemical and bacterial pollutants in 3 days. • The effluent reused to irrigate a landscape and the sludge recycled as fertilizer. • The plant biomass is a profitable resource for antibacterial and antioxidants. The present investigation demonstrates the synergistic action of using a sedimentation unit together with Cyperus papyrus (L.) wetland enriched with zeolite mineral in one-year round experiment for treating wastewater. The system was designed to support a horizontal surface flow pattern and showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for both physicochemical and bacteriological contaminants within 3 days of residence time. The removal efficiencies ranged between 76.3% and 98.8% for total suspended solids, turbidity, iron, biological oxygen demand, and ammonia. The bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci) and the potential pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) showed removal efficiencies ranged between 96.9% and 99.8%. We expect the system to offer a smart management for every component according to zero waste principle. The treated effluent was reused to irrigate the landscape of pilot area, and the excess sludge was recycled as fertilizer and soil conditioner. The zeolite mineral did not require regeneration for almost 36 weeks of operation, and enhanced the density of shoots (14.11%) and the height of shoots (15.88%). The harvested plant biomass could be a profitable resource for potent antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds. This could certainly offset part of the operation and maintenance costs and optimize the system implementation feasibility. Although the experiment was designed under local conditions, its results could provide insights to upgrade and optimize the performance of other analogous large-scale constructed wetlands.     

动物粪便施肥措施促进耐药基因在粪便-土壤-蔬菜之间的散播

耐药基因（antibiotic resistant gene,ARG）在动物粪肥施用的土壤中被越来越多地检出,已经引起了人们对公共安全的担忧,但目前关于动物粪便施肥对蔬菜内生菌中耐药基因的影响尚不清楚.因此,本研究利用高通量定量PCR技术,探讨鸡粪肥施用对土壤、苦菊根和叶片中内生细菌菌群和耐药基因谱的影响.研究结果发现,鸡粪肥的施用不仅增加了土壤和苦菊根内生菌中ARG的数量,而且增加了土壤、苦菊根和叶片中内生菌的ARG丰度.相关性分析显示,土壤菌群和苦菊内生菌中ARG谱与细菌菌群组成密切相关,主要涉及变形杆菌纲、酸杆菌纲、放线菌纲和蓝藻细菌纲等细菌菌群.此外,苦菊内生菌与土壤菌群之间存在共有的ARG,表明土壤-苦菊之间存在耐药基因的内部传播.综上所述,鸡粪肥施用会通过粪便-土壤-植物路径增加蔬菜内生菌中ARG的多样性和丰度.     

“U+L”型通风综采面合理挡风帘长度确定

合理长度的挡风帘可以有效减少工作面漏风量,避免瓦斯超限、爆炸等事故发生,保证工作面安全生产。模拟了有无挡风帘时和不同挡风帘长度时“U+L”型通风综采面采空区流场、瓦斯分布及上隅角等地瓦斯情况,验证了数学模型和参数的适用性,分析了挡风帘对采空区压力分布及瓦斯分布的影响,确定了“U+L”型通风综采面合理挡风帘长度。研究表明:挡风帘对采空区压力及瓦斯分布都有重要影响,挡风帘可以使采空区内特别是挡风帘遮挡区域采空区压力下降、瓦斯浓度升高; 随着挡风帘长度的增加,上隅角瓦斯浓度变化不大,采煤机机尾瓦斯浓度逐渐降低,滞后横川瓦斯浓度呈增大趋势;综合分析确定该采面合理挡风帘长度为120 m。     

水培和盆栽条件下碎米莎草对铀的耐受性及富集特征

碎米莎草(Cyperus iria L.)作为铀的超耐受植物,它的发现为探讨铀污染环境的植物修复和铀在植物体中的吸收和耐受机理提供了一种新的资源. 在Hoagland's营养液中加入铀标准溶液模拟铀污染水环境,以及直接在铀尾沙条件分析不同铀供应水平下碎米莎草对铀的耐受性能和富集特征. 结果表明:①碎米莎草对铀的富集特征依赖于生长介质中铀的供应水平和植物生长期等多重因素. 碎米莎草不同生长期各部位w(U)均高于生长介质中的铀供应水平,根系和地上部分w(U)最高可分别达(48 605±1 266)和(824±856)mg/kg. 根、茎和叶中w(U)基本随着铀供应水平的升高而增加,在开花期时较低,根系吸收的铀有1/10~1/5能转移至茎、叶、花籽部位,ρ(U)<250 mg/L的铀溶液对碎米莎草的生长无抑制作用. ②碎米莎草对铀尾沙具有很强的耐受性,但地上部分的富集系数在某些条件下可大于1;地上部分的w(U)在开花期相对较高,至成熟期时下降;在成熟期添加柠檬酸有助于碎米莎草根、茎和叶将铀转移至籽部位.