新安江水体DO浓度偏低原因分析

对新安江水体（含新安江、千岛湖）ＤＯ浓度偏低进行了研究分析，结果表明新安江水电站的建造是主要影响因素．     

生化需氧量测定中若干因素探讨

介绍了生化需氧量的方法建立过程,指出测定生化需氧量时,除了温度对测定有影响外,pH值、无机盐类、微生物种类和数量、稀释度、硝化作用、缓冲剂,以及充分的营养和毒性物质的存在与否都会对测定结果有影响.     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好。     

Spatial scales and probability based sampling in determining levels of benthic community degradation in the Chesapeake Bay

The extent of degradation of benthic communities of the Chesapeake Bay was determined by applying a previously developed benthic index of biotic integrity at three spatial scales. Allocation of sampling was probability-based allowing areal estimates of degradation with known confidence intervals. The three spatial scales were: (1) the tidal Chesapeake Bay; (2) the Elizabeth River watershed; and (3) two small tidal creeks within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River that are part of a sediment contaminant remediation effort. The areas covered varied from 10^–1 to 10⁴ km² and all were sampled in 1999. The Chesapeake Bay was divided into ten strata, the Elizabeth River into five strata and each of the two tidal creeks was a single stratum. The determination of the number and size of strata was based upon consideration of both managerially useful units for restoration and limitations of funding. Within each stratum 25 random locations were sampled for benthic community condition. In 1999 the percent of the benthos with poor benthic community condition for the entire Chesapeake Bay was 47% and varied from 20% at the mouth of the Bay to 72% in the Potomac River. The estimated area of benthos with poor benthic community condition for the Elizabeth River was 64% and varied from 52–92%. Both small tidal creeks had estimates of 76% of poor benthic community condition. These kinds of estimates allow environmental managers to better direct restoration efforts and evaluate progress towards restoration. Patterns of benthic community condition at smaller spatial scales may not be correctly inferred from larger spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns in benthic community condition across spatial scales, and between combinations of strata, must be cautiously interpreted.     

Pt颗粒负载对CeO2臭氧催化氧化甲苯的增强作用

通过铂颗粒吸附法制备得到Pt/CeO₂催化剂应用于臭氧催化氧化甲苯反应,研究了Pt颗粒负载对CeO₂臭氧催化氧化甲苯的增强作用.采用氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、氧气程序升温脱附（O₂-TPD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和拉曼光谱（Raman）等手段对催化剂进行表征,结果显示,CeO₂负载Pt颗粒后,Pt与CeO₂存在相互作用,提高了CeO₂上氧空位的含量.臭氧分解实验证实了Pt/CeO₂催化剂具有更好的臭氧分解性能.臭氧催化氧化甲苯评价结果表明,Pt/CeO₂具有比CeO₂更优异的催化性能,在80 ℃时甲苯降解率、CO₂产率和臭氧分解率分别达到92.3%、92.1%和99.9%.原位拉曼进一步研究了臭氧分解生成的氧物种种类及含量,以及甲苯存在时氧物种的变化,结果表明,臭氧在氧空位上分解产生的过氧物种较为稳定,是氧化甲苯的重要活性物质.因此,Pt颗粒负载在CeO₂上能增强臭氧在催化剂上分解,并形成更多过氧物种,最终提升臭氧催化氧化甲苯的性能.     

INT-ETS活性及AUR和SOUR表征污泥活性的比较

为探索快速评价重金属对污泥活性抑制情况的方法,通过投加不同体积的重金属溶液进行活性污泥培养试验,研究Cd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+对活性污泥降解NH₄+-N和COD_Cr的影响,并分别采用INT-ETS(碘硝基四氮唑脱氢酶)活性、AUR(氨摄取速率)和SOUR(比耗氧速率)3个指标分析污泥活性受重金属抑制的情况. 结果表明:重金属对活性污泥去除NH₄+-N的抑制作用比去除有机物的抑制作用更加显著,说明硝化细菌比异养菌对重金属的毒害作用更为敏感,并且NH₄+-N去除率比COD_Cr去除率更能反映出重金属对污泥活性的影响. 通过NH₄+-N去除率的抑制情况对比发现,AUR是最能有效地用于表征重金属对微生物活性毒害作用的指标. 对于Cd2+,INT-ETS活性的EC₅₀最小,为19.164 mg/L,灵敏度最高,是表征Cd2+抑制污泥活性的最佳指标;对于Zn2+和Cr6+,AUR的EC₅₀最小,分别为40.691和27.117 mg/L,灵敏度最高,是表征Zn2+和Cr6+抑制污泥活性的最佳指标. 由3种重金属的EC₅₀可以判断其毒性大小为Cd2+>Cr6+>Zn6+.      

泽龙湖景观水污染治理及生态修复

为了去除泽龙湖微污染景观水中的氮、磷及有机物等污染成分,采用人工增氧和浮田型生态岛技术对泽龙湖景观水进行了生态修复。结果表明,人工增氧能很好地氧化水中有机物,生态岛水生植物可有效地吸收氮和磷,处理后湖水可达到《地面水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中的Ⅳ类标准。     

多级跌坎跌水复氧过程及影响因素试验研究

跌坎作为连接水流上下游的主要措施,水流在跌落过程中其溶解氧迅速增加。以水体氧亏率为指标,研究多级跌坎水流流态为自由跌落水流时的水体复氧过程和机理,结果表明:可将水流自跌坎跌落至下一级跌坎上的整个区域分成水舌空中跌落区(I)、回水区(II)、冲击与水跃区(III)和水流平顺区(Ⅳ),水舌空中跌落区和冲击与水跃区为复氧的主要区域,水体在空中与大气充分接触以及水流流动过程中的自掺气是水体复氧的主要途径;水流流经跌坎时的氧亏率随着单级跌坎高度、多级跌坎级数、跌坎总坡度和流量的增加而增加,与水流紊动程度呈正相关,随着跌坎雷诺数的增大而增加。     

用化学荧光溶氧仪测定生化需氧量(BOD5)研究

文章介绍了化学荧光溶氧仪法测定生化需氧量的测定方法,用该方法测定生化需氧量标准样品,得到的精密度和准确度均较好.通过与传统碘量法进行实际样品比对,用数理统计的方法对两种方法测定结果进行了比较,对于地表水和污水的测定,两种方法的测定结果无显著差异.建立的化学荧光溶氧仪测定BOD5方法精密度和准确度可以满足实际样品的测定.     

Determination of the performance limits of flame arresters at increased oxygen concentrations

This investigation shows how an increased oxygen concentration influences the performance limits of crimped ribbon deflagration flame arresters at elevated pressures. An evaluation of the maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) as reliable criterion for describing the performance limits under non-atmospheric conditions is given. Measurements of MESGs and flame arrester performance tests were performed. Various fuel/oxygen/air mixtures containing ethylene and propane were used as testing gases. Former studies on the pressure dependence and the influence of oxygen on the MESG were initially confirmed. Furthermore, performance tests using a commercial deflagration flame arrester revealed that such a flame arrester may prevent flame transmission also at non-atmospheric conditions within a limited range. For various oxygen concentrations the performance limits were reached at the same MESG. Hence, it can be assumed that a flame arrester possesses a device- and fuel-specific maximum experimental safe gap for a specific gas mixture in different concentrations and at different pressures. This performance-related maximum safe gap can be used as a parameter for estimating and describing the performance limits of a flame arrester. It offers an attempt to simplify the testing and qualification of deflagration flame arresters for non-atmospheric conditions.