负载型TiO2/活性炭光催化灭活大肠杆菌(E.coli)的研究

以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JM 109)为研究对象,通过细菌的灭活实验研究负载型TiO2/活性炭(TiO2/AC)的灭菌性能,并利用XRD、BET和SEM对材料的晶型、晶粒尺寸、比表面积和吸附在材料上的细菌分布形态及数量进行分析.结果表明吸附在TiO2/AC上的大肠杆菌数比吸附在活性炭和TiO2都多.TiO2/AC对E.coli光催化灭活率比TiO2粉末和P25高,制备材料的热处理温度500℃和光催化反应中光强40 W都分别使TiO2/AC的光催化活性达到最大,在光催化灭活E.coti过程中,KH2PO4使催化剂活性降低程度比NaHCO3大,而两者使TiO2/AC催化活性降低程度比TiO2小,但NaHCO3对催化活性的影响是可逆的.     

不同消毒剂对水中脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活的比较

将脊髓灰质炎病毒（ Ｐｏｌｉｏ Ｖ） 及不同消毒剂投加到模拟水样中,按不同接触时间１ ,３ ,１０ ,３０ ｍｉｎ 取样,空斑定量． 当模拟水有机质含量 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ 为２０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,病毒浓度ｎ（ Ｐ Ｆ Ｕ） ≈１ ×１０５ ｍ Ｌ－ １ 时,分别投加氯制剂有效氯ρ（ Ｃｌ）１６ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,接触３０ ｍｉｎ ;ρ（ Ｃｌ Ｏ２） ＝ ８ ．０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,３０ ｍｉｎ ; Ｃｌ＋ Ｃｌ Ｏ２ 联合消毒剂（５ ．０ ＋ ５ ．０） ｍｇ／ Ｌ,３０ ｍｉｎ ;ρ（ Ｏ３） ＝ １ ．２２ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,１０ ｍｉｎ 时;可使病毒彻底灭活． 它们使 Ｐｏｌｉｏ Ｖ 达到９９ ．９９ ％ 灭活的浓度时间乘积（ ρ×ｔ） 值分别是６６２ ．５ ,１２９ ．５ ,２００ ．０ 和３ ．２ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ ｍｉｎ ． 消毒效果（ 顺序） 为 Ｏ３ ＞ Ｃｌ Ｏ２ ＞ Ｃｌ＋ Ｃｌ Ｏ２ ＞ Ｃｌ． 联合消毒灭活 Ｐｏｌｉｏ Ｖ 的效果为 Ｃｌ 的３ ．３ 倍,表明将 Ｃｌ 与 Ｃｌ Ｏ２ 联合应用具有协同效应,优于传统的单一加氯消毒方式     

二氧化氯处理医院污水的研究

本文采用的二氧化氯消毒剂,经过鉴定,完全符合国家规定的《消毒剂规范》要求。     

回用生活污水的电化学消毒试验研究

对北京某中水站回用于杂用水的生活污水进行电化学消毒试验。试验结果表明 ,生活污水经生物接触氧化、活性炭吸附后 ,流经电化学消毒器停留 2 0s、耗电 0 .30kWh/m3 、消毒器出水放置 1h后 ,总大肠菌群数 <3个 /L ,满足生活杂用水的卫生学指标。当余氯浓度及接触时间相等的条件下 ,电化学消毒法的杀菌效果好于加氯消毒。E .coli细胞经电化学消毒和加氯消毒处理后 ,扫描电镜观察的结果表明 :2种方法作用后的细胞在形态上的变化是不相同的 ,说明电化学消毒的消毒机制不仅仅取决于电解产氯的作用 ,还有其他的杀菌作用     

紫外线消毒反应器研究

对适宜于紫外线消毒的反应器的型态和水力条件进行了研究。通过模拟活塞流反应器和示踪实验 ,得到该反应器的分散数 (D/uL)、AR(长宽比 )、Pe和Re等水力参数和模型参数。实验结果表明 ,该反应器可视为有纵向扩散的活塞流反应器 ,在控制流态下具有良好的消毒效果。     

Production of bio-fertilizer by biotransformation of poultry waste enriched with molasses and algae

This research work consists on valorizing poultry waste by biotransformation into biofertilizers, associating this agro-industrial waste with algae (abundant natural resources) and molasses (a by-product of the sugar refining industry) ensuring a good contribution of nutritional chemical elements and obtaining a balanced formulation. A total of seven different formulations of the above three components, were examined in a simplex centroid design. A fungal inoculum of Aspergillus niger was used as a fermentation agent for better quality of biotransformation. The monitoring of this biotransformation is ensured during 15 days by following the evolution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters and, to understand the bioconversion of the simple compounds of the biofertilizer mixture such as short aliphatic chains, sugar, and amino acids into soluble mineral compounds, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out before and after biotransformation. Finally, germination and fertilization tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the final product on a barley crop. The overall results of the present study showed that the mixture which contained 68.75% poultry waste, 12.5% molasses, and 18.75% algae presented the better microbiological and chemical safety criteria required for a good biofertilizer according to NF U44-551 standard.     

论对危险废物及副产品的界定和管理

通过厘清固体废物、危险废物、副产物等的概念,分析上述物质及副产品的特性,阐述危险废物和副产品间的转换关系,从适用标准、企业实例两方面入手分析危险废物和副产品该如何界定,着重分析副产品在生产管理过程中的关注点,以期为生产企业及行政管理部门的固废管理工作提供参考。     

强化混凝与优化混凝:必要性、研究进展和发展方向

混凝是一个恒久的话题,一个引人人胜的课题,一个亟待解决的难题.水质的急剧恶化与科学技术的日趋发展,对混凝研究提出了严峻的挑战,而同时也给研究以一定的发展机遇.在简略地回顾混凝研究历史的基础上,对水体颗粒物、无机高分子絮凝剂、混凝作用机理以及混凝工艺研究的进展进行了概括性介绍.重点论述了强化混凝/优化混凝的必要性与目标.并进一步对若干主要研究进展与发展方向加以评述.     

Bacterial inactivation,DNA damage,and faster ATP degradation induced by ultraviolet disinfection

• Long amplicon is more effective to test DNA damage induced by UV. • ATP in bacteria does not degrade instantly but does eventually after UV exposure. • After medium pressure UV exposure, ATP degraded faster. The efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection has been validated in numerous studies by using culture-based methods. However, the discovery of viable but non-culturable bacteria has necessitated the investigation of UV disinfection based on bacterial viability parameters. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate DNA damage and evaluated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to indicate bacterial viability. The results of qPCR effectively showed the DNA damage induced by UV when using longer gene amplicons, in that sufficiently long amplicons of both 16S and gadA indicated that the UV induced DNA damages. The copy concentrations of the long amplicons of 16S and gadA decreased by 2.38 log/mL and 1.88 log/mL, respectively, after exposure to 40 mJ/cm² low-pressure UV. After UV exposure, the ATP level in the bacteria did not decrease instantly. Instead it decreased gradually at a rate that was positively related to the UV fluence. For low-pressure UV, this rate of decrease was slow, but for medium pressure UV, this rate of decrease was relatively high when the UV fluence reached 40 mJ/cm². At the same UV fluence, the ATP level in the bacteria decreased at a faster rate after exposure to medium-pressure UV.     

新型含氮消毒副产物的生成机制及毒性研究进展

含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)具有很高的生物毒性和致癌性,近年来受到广泛关注。本文对目前N-DBPs的研究进展进行了概述,重点总结了典型N-DBPs包括卤乙腈(HANs)、卤代硝基甲烷(HNMs)、卤代乙酰胺(HAcAms)和亚硝胺(NAs)的生成机制;并归纳了N-DBPs的毒性效应和毒性机制。根据N-DBPs的生成途径,应该重点控制水中含胺类氮源前体物,并优化设计消毒剂种类和投加方式,在控制病原体的前提下,尽量削减高毒性N-DBPs的生成。本研究旨在为控制消毒副产物生成、提高饮用水水质提供理论参考。