The socially optimal recycling rate: Evidence from Japan

This paper estimates the average social cost of municipal waste management as a function of the recycling rate. Social costs include all municipal costs and revenues, costs to recycling households to prepare materials estimated with an original method, external disposal costs, and external recycling benefits. Results suggest average social costs are minimized with recycling rates well below observed and mandated levels in Japan. Cost-minimizing municipalities are estimated to recycle less than the optimal rate. These results are robust to changes in the components of social costs, indicating that Japan and perhaps other developed countries may be setting inefficiently high recycling goals.     

淡水水生生物对阿特拉津除草剂的敏感度

针对水环境中普遍存在的农药污染问题,以阿特拉津除草剂作为研究对象,梳理、整合阿特拉津对水生生态系统中不同营养级水生生物的急、慢性毒性数据,构建了基于对数-逻辑斯蒂分布的水生生物物种敏感度分布模型,分析并对比了阿特拉津对不同类群和不同区系水生生物急慢性毒性敏感度差异. 结果表明,水生动物和植物、无脊椎动物(包括甲壳类、昆虫类、软体动物和蠕虫类)和脊椎动物(包括鱼类和两栖类动物)对阿特拉津敏感度均存在显著差异. 分析了阿特拉津对不同类群水生生物的HC₅(5%危险浓度)值,其中对水生动物和植物的急性毒性HC₅值分别为4257.94和12.55μg/L,慢性毒性的HC₅值分别为2.47和1.95μg/L;对水生脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的HC₅值分别为7490.31和1611.76μg/L;对甲壳类和鱼类的HC₅值分别为1201.16和6639.90μg/L. 在保护95%的物种水平下,不同类群试验生物对阿特拉津的敏感度排序为水生植物>水生动物、水生无脊椎动物>水生脊椎动物、甲壳类动物>鱼类. 从统计学角度分析,中国水生动物与北美水生动物对阿特拉津的敏感度差异不显著. 但是,中美两国间相对特有水生动物物种对阿特拉津的敏感度存在一定的差异.      

Estimate of sea loading by pollutants originating from the littoral counties in the Republic of Croatia

The paper reviews the data of 10 yr of following up sewage (waste water) inflows of anthropological origin into the sea from all the coastal settlements in Croatia. In particular, we report the sea loading by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), expressed by the inhabitant equivalent (I.E.), for seven littoral counties. We estimated the loading of a coastal sea area for each county separately. The objective was to avoid any over- or underestimation of amounts and significance of sewage inflows into the seawater. For this purpose, a precisely determined sea volume up to the 10 m isobath has been chosen. Because of the inadequate treatment of wastewater, the total loading of that maritime territory expressed in terms of i.e. was found to be 26% higher than expected from the actual number of inhabitants. However, daily input represents only 12‰ of the considered volume of the sea. Recipient spent only 0.7% of the disposable oxygen quantity in the sea.     

基于AHP的模糊综合评价法在建筑施工安全评价中的应用

建筑业是高危行业,其安全生产状况一直受到社会各界的关注。随着我国经济建设的迅速发展,建筑产业更是突飞猛进。近几年来,建筑安全事故屡有发生,呈不断上升的趋势。确定了建筑施工安全性的评价指标体系,提出基于 AHP 和模糊综合评价法的评价模型,以及建筑施工安全性的等级划分,并应用该模型对某建筑施工现场进行了实际评价。根据评价结果和存在的问题提出了一些可行的对策措施,对于建筑施工的安全生产有一定的指导作用。     

海洋石油作业现场安全管理探讨

简要分析了现场作业安全管理面临的问题,一是不安全行为难以控制,二是安全法规难以落实.在此基础上,阐述了“五想五不干”提示卡提出的背景和依据,介绍了“五想五不干”的具体内容,说明了提示卡的使用方法、注意事项及使用原则,强调了危险辨识对于使用提示卡的重要性,并总结了提示卡在中海油现场作业安全管理过程中的实践经验和体会,归纳了提示卡对于现场作业安全管理的意义和对其它行业现场作业安全管理的建议.     

Sb2O5/TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液

采用实验室合成的Sb2O5掺杂TiO2作为催化剂,研究各种因素对甲基橙的超声催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,在Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下,甲基橙的超声催化降解效果明显优于单独使用TiO2的情况.1.5%掺杂量的催化剂,用量在1.0～1.5 g/L之间,超声波频率25 kHz,输出功率1.0 W/cm2,pH为1.0～3.0时,初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙水溶液,100 min左右基本可全部降解,COD去除率达到99.0%以上.Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

五管发酵测定粪大肠菌群的研究

通过实验摸索出粪大肠菌群的一种五管发酵法。该方法检测下限为9个/L,适用于地表水和废水中粪大肠菌群的测定。     

煤矿事故隐患大数据处理与知识发现分析方法研究

为解决半结构化或非结构化文本型煤矿隐患数据利用难度大、挖掘深度不够的问题,首先运用六何分析方法对煤矿事故隐患大数据进行内容分析,确定隐患的描述维度及属性类别,实现文本型隐患数据的量化表达;之后根据隐患数据变量特征,采用对数线性模型进行隐患维度间交互的知识发现研究,探索煤矿事故隐患各维度间的交互效应。研究结果表明:基于“六何分析法+对数线性模型”的分析框架能够实现文本型隐患数据的结构化转换,有效揭示煤矿隐患各维度间的交互影响关系,实现隐性知识的显性化。     

松花江、黑龙江水中可溶性铁与有机质含量的相关性

以黑龙江和松花江为研究对象,分析了河水中可溶性铁含量的分布特征及其与有机质含量、pH值的关系.结果表明,黑龙江、松花江水体中可溶性铁质量浓度分别为0.10～0.62和0.11～0.73 mg·L-1,Fe2+质量浓度分别为0.01～0.16和0.04～0.35 mg·L-1.松花江水体中可溶性铁、Fe2+浓度平均值均略高于黑龙江.同一年份内水体可溶性铁含量峰值以平水期居多.黑龙江水体CODCr与Fe2+含量呈显著负相关,松花江水体CODCr与可溶性铁含量呈显著正相关.松花江水体中BOD5、pH值与Fe2+含量呈显著负相关.人为来源的难生物降解有机质的大量输入提高了河水中铁离子的络合容量,使水中可溶性铁和有机络合铁含量增加.     

Isochromosome 5p mosaicism at prenatal diagnosis: observations and outcomes in six cases at chorionic villus sampling and one at amniocentesis

We present six cases of 47,+i(5p)/46 mosaicism diagnosed at chorionic villus sampling (CVS), this being the first prospective series to be reported. The clinical indication in each was advanced maternal age. Further prenatal studies in four (amniocentesis, plus fetal blood sampling in one) did not show the isochromosome. In one case, subsequent amniocentesis showed 1/48 in situ colonies with the isochromosome, but fetal blood was karyotypically normal. These five pregnancies resulted in phenotypically normal livebirths; further normal follow-up reports (from age 4 months through 4 years) are noted in four of these. Analysis of placental tissue in one case confirmed the presence of the i(5p) mosaicism. In the remaining case, in which 100% of CVS cultured cells had the i(5p), the pregnancy was terminated. Fetal skin fibroblasts did not show the i(5p). Thus, in none of these six cases was true fetal mosaicism detected, nor an abnormal phenotype noted. We suggest that a 47,+i(5p)/46 karyotype, detected at CVS, may frequently reflect confined placental mosaicism. In addition, we report a case of the primary diagnosis of 47,+i(5p)/46 mosaicism at amniocentesis. The infant appeared normal at birth, but a brain malformation was subsequently identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.