pH值对双碱法脱硫效果和运行的影响

介绍了双碱法烟气脱硫工艺在北京某供暖中心的工程运用,研究了工程运用中pH值对系统脱硫效果和运行的影响,从而得出最佳的pH值范围。     

芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺处理MBR出水特性

为去除垃圾渗滤液MBR出水有机物,以铝(Al)为阳极,碳聚四氟乙烯(C-PTFE)为阴极构建了芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺,通过与常规电絮凝阴极(Al和SS)对比,探明了该工艺对垃圾渗滤液MBR膜出水的去除特性.结果表明:在pH5和臭氧流量为300mL/min时,芬顿阴极体系相比于SS和Al阴极体系对COD的去除率分别...     

“一带一路”国家天然气投资绩效评价及其改进路径

运用超效率数据包络分析(SE-DEA)方法,综合考虑目标国资源现状、政治因素、经济技术、社会条件、市场体制和国际合作情况,构建天然气投资绩效评价线性规划模型,并以2003—2013年中国对"一带一路"国家的天然气投资绩效均值进行聚类,结合规模报酬和投入要素的影子价格分析,提出目标国天然气投资绩效改进路径。结果显示:(1)中国对中亚及北亚、东南亚和南亚的天然气投资普遍处于中高效区,对独联体、中东欧洲和西亚北非地区的天然气投资普遍处于中低效区。(2)高效区国家自2012年起投资绩效处于规模报酬不变阶段,技术水平和国家经济对天然气贸易的依赖程度是影响投资绩效的关键因素。(3)中效区国家投资绩效大多处于规模报酬递增阶段,从2013年起总储量、人文地理和与中国油气合作状况成为影响中效区投资绩效的关键因素。(4)低效区国家投资绩效处于规模报酬递增阶段,国家经济对天然气贸易的依赖程度和技术水平要素是影响低效区投资绩效的关键因素;此外,对于处于低效区的中亚国家资源现状是影响投资绩效的另一关键因素,政治因素则是中东欧洲和独联体国家的关键因素,东南亚和南亚地区的投资关键因素则包含社会条件。这意味着,中国要提高在"一带一路"区域的天然气投资绩效,就要针对不同地区投资现状制定改进策略。对于高效区和低效区的中亚国家,未来中国要加强同目标国政府间的沟通,达成"以技术换气条款";对中效区和低效区的中东欧洲、独联体国家可采用与油气企业合作方式降低合作风险;对低效区的东南亚和南亚国家,可签订天然气长期贸易合同。     

隔膜电解槽阴极区降解有机物的研究及其应用

采用隔膜电解法,分别研究了罗丹明B和硝基苯在不锈钢阴极表面的电解过程。结果表明,有溶解氧时,初始浓度分别为50 mg/L和120 mg/L的罗丹明B和硝基苯,电压20 V,电解2 h,阴极区电解液CODCr去除率分别为21%和36%。阴极区产生的H与O2发生反应生成HO2和OH等自由基,从而进一步引起有机物的降解。基于阴极区降解实验和降解机理进行的小试设计,在印染废水的处理中,取得了较好的降解效果。     

阴极负载不同催化剂对天然水体中沉积物微生物燃料电池运行特性的影响

考察了阴极负载Co₃O₄和MnOOH对天然水体中沉积物微生物燃料电池（SMFC）产电性能和SMFC对沉积物中有机质去除率的影响。实验结果表明,SMFC阴极负载Co₃O₄和MnOOH后,体系的输出电压由483 mV增大到549 mV和534 mV;相应体系的内阻由206 Ω显著降低到99 Ω和128 Ω,最大功率密度（Pmax）由3.3 mW/m²增大到9.1 mW/m²和6.6 mW/m²。此外,SMFC体系的电流密度与沉积物中烧失量（LOI）、易氧化有机质（ROOM）去除率呈线性关系,并且阴极负载Co₃O₄和MnOOH可以促进阳极沉积物中有机质的去除。     

阴极电生H_2O_2及电-Fenton法降解甲基橙

对石墨-PTFE阴极的主要制作参数和在无隔膜系统中电生H2O2的主要工艺参数进行了研究。结果发现,石墨与PTFE的质量比为4∶1~3∶1之间的石墨-PTFE阴极经350℃1 h煅烧后性能最好。采用磁力搅拌代替通常的氧气扩散和空气鼓泡等供氧方法,可简化系统的供氧设备,降低废水的处理成本,更易于放大和实施,且可充分利用阳极电生的氧气。石墨-PTFE阴极有较好的稳定性,重复使用10次之后,电生H2O2的活性没有下降。在由石墨-PTFE阴极和铁阳极组成的电-Fenton系统中对甲基橙溶液进行了降解,脱色效果显著。     

Investigation of Building - Influenced Atmospheric Dispersion Using a Dual Source Technique

Dispersion of atmospheric contaminants in the vicinity of an isolated cubical model building was investigated in the field. A dual source/receptor technique was used in the experiments, which was proved to be very useful for the investigation of pollution dispersion. This experimental technique involved the simultaneous release of two different tracer gases from two different point sources, and the deployment of a FID (Flame Ionization Detector) co-located with a UVIC®(Ultra-Violet Ion Collector) detector. Both mean concentrations and concentration fluctuation statistics were examined. In this paper concentration fluctuation statistics are presented. The effect of the upwind source location on intermittency values and on the cumulative density function (cdf) is examined. The exact location of a source placed upwind of an obstacle has a very significant and complex effect on both mean concentrations and concentration fluctuations. As the lateral or vertical displacement between the two sources is increased, cross-correlation values between data taken simultaneously by two co-located detectors decrease rapidly.     

Facile fabrication of dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite for effective removal of phosphate from complex wastewaters

● Dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite was synthesized for phosphate removal. ● DO/BB exhibited a high phosphate adsorption capacity in complex water environments. ● PVC membrane incorporated with DO/BB can capture low concentration phosphate. ● Electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation are main mechanisms. The removal of phosphate from wastewater using traditional biological or precipitation methods is a huge challenge. The use of high-performance adsorbents has been shown to address this problem. In this study, a novel composite adsorbent, composed of dolomite-doped biochar and bentonite (DO/BB), was first synthesized via co-pyrolysis. The combination of initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg/L and 1.6 g/L of DO/BB exhibited a high phosphate-adsorption capacity of 62 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 99.8%. It was also stable in complex water environments with various levels of solution pH, coexisting anions, high salinity, and humic acid. With this new composite, the phosphate concentration of the actual domestic sewage decreased from 9 mg/L to less than 1 mg/L, and the total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand also decreased effectively. Further, the cross-flow treatment using a PVC membrane loaded with DO/BB (PVC-DO/BB), decreased the phosphate concentration from 1 to 0.08 mg/L, suggesting outstanding separation of phosphate pollutants via a combination of adsorption and separation. In addition, the removal of phosphate by the PVC-DO/BB membrane using NaOH solution as an eluent was almost 90% after 5 cycles. The kinetic, isotherm and XPS analysis before and after adsorption suggested that adsorption via a combination of electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation contributed to the excellent separation by the as-obtained membranes.     

双圆筒型微生物燃料电池处理有机废水的应用

文章研究设计了一个无介体的双筒型微生物燃料电池,并利用该电池对猪场模拟废水和实际废水进行处理。文章较为系统地研究了DCMFC的启动特性,并对该过程中COD处理效率和产电能力等各项指标进行了评估与分析。结果表明,DCMFC处理模拟猪场废水和实际废水均能得到较好的效果,COD处理效率分别达77.83%和73.26%,库仑回收率分别达18.89%和21.49%,电池效率分别达39.84%和53.36%,输出功率分别达3.58 mW(143.2 mW/m)2和4.36 mW(174.4 mW/m)2,并获得了30Ω左右的较小内阻值。猪场模拟废水的底物COD去除率和COD浓度随时间变化的规律可以用ExpDec1模型来进行描述,拟合相关系数分别达0.993 28和0.976 56。同样实际猪场废水的底物COD去除率和COD浓度随时间变化的规律也可以用ExpDec1模型来进行描述,拟合相关系数分别达0.996 83和0.997 82。对DCMFC进行极化曲线测试中,该装置可获得最大输出功率3.8 mW(PA=152 mW/m2,I=9.75 mA),拟合开路电压E=704.67 mV,内阻Ri=31.91Ω。。     

羧基改性阴极对微生物电合成系统产乙酸性能的影响机制

微生物电合成系统(microbial electrosynthesis systems,MESs)可利用微生物将二氧化碳转化为有价化合物,有望实现温室气体的资源化利用,然而,其合成效率仍需进一步提高.本研究通过电化学还原重氮盐反应将特定的官能团—COOH接枝到碳布电极表面,探究改性阴极对于MESs性能的影响.结果发现,经—COOH改性的阴极材料亲水性显著提高,而循环伏安扫描电流变弱. MESs在启动阶段性能差异最大,运行48 h,改性组CA-H、CA-M、CA-L的产氢速率是CK的21. 45、28. 60和22. 75倍;运行120 h,CA-H、CA-M和CA-L的乙酸累积浓度是CK的2. 01、2. 43和1. 44倍. MESs运行324 h后,各阴极的电化学活性无明显差异,生物膜蛋白量无明显差异(～0. 47 mg·cm~(-2)).阴极生物膜的群落结构分析发现,属水平上由Acetobacterium、norank_p_Saccharibacteria和Thioclava占据主导,总相对丰度占到59. 6%到82. 1%;各阴极之间产乙酸功能菌Acetobacterium的相对丰度差别不大(31. 3%～40. 1%),而消耗乙酸的norank_p_Saccharibacteria属在CA-H、CA-M、CA-L和CK的相对丰度分别为:16. 1%、24. 6%、31. 1%和37. 5%.羧基改性阴极对MESs的启动阶段影响较大,可为MESs的快速启动提供新的思路.