基于复合生态系统理论的长沙湘江滨水区景观资源评价与优化

近年来，随着我国经济的飞速发展、社会经济的转型，以及人们环境意识的提高，滨水区开发已成为我国城市开发建设的热点。城市滨水区景观规划设计研究对于合理、充分利用城市滨水区景观资源，塑造特色鲜明的城市形象，提高城市生态环境质量，促进城市滨水区开发有着重要意义。从复合生态系统理论的角度，在湘江滨水区景观资源调查、景观资源分类的基础上，运用灰色聚类法对湘江滨水区景观资源进行定量评价，提出景观资源优化思路，探讨滨水区景观规划设计的途径。认为现代城市大规模滨水区更新改造和开发大背景下的城市滨水区景观规划设计，应尊重城市地域性特点、文化内涵和风土人情,并与传统的滨水活动有机结合，保护和突出城市历史格局和风貌特色。     

连续流改进A~2/O反应器去污效果及分相培养研究

以生活污水为原水,在常温(25~33℃)条件下采用连续流改进A2/O反应器进行脱氮除磷实验研究。系统内COD降解,TN与TP去除主要在活性污泥段完成,而NH4+-N去除基本在生物接触氧化区完成。从中沉池出水硝态氮影响因素分析可知,选用较高的有机负荷有利于实现系统内分相培养。泥龄对实现系统内微生物异养菌和自养菌的分相培养具有关键影响。当泥龄10 d,可实现系统内异养菌与自养菌的分相培养。     

基于排队论的城市垃圾箱最佳间距研究

针对城市垃圾箱最佳间距的研究不够精细的现状,本文通过建立排队论模型得到了可供不同城市参考的城市垃圾箱最佳间距参数表。通过对部分城市街道的垃圾箱摆放间距情况进行实地调查,运用层次分析法将影响垃圾箱间距分布的多重因素转化为单因素;建立了基于指数分布的数学模型,利用排队论分析单因素状态下的垃圾箱间距分布,得到了求解城市垃圾箱最佳间距的一般方法。     

System Dynamics to Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Under Water Supply Uncertainty1

Abstract: Water supply uncertainty continues to threaten the reliability of regional water resources in the western United States. Climate variability and water dispute potentials induce water managers to develop proactive adaptive management strategies to mitigate future hydroclimate impacts. The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer in the state of Idaho is also facing these challenges in the sense that population growth and economic development strongly depend on reliable water resources from underground storage. Drought and subsequent water conflict often drive scientific research and political agendas because water resources availability and aquifer management for a sustainable rural economy are of great interest. In this study, a system dynamics approach is applied to address dynamically complex problems with management of the aquifer and associated surface‐water and groundwater interactions. Recharge and discharge dynamics within the aquifer system are coded in an environmental modeling framework to identify long‐term behavior of aquifer responses to uncertain future hydrological variability. The research shows that the system dynamics approach is a promising modeling tool to develop sustainable water resources planning and management in a collaborative decision‐making framework and also to provide useful insights and alternative opportunities for operational management, policy support, and participatory strategic planning to mitigate future hydroclimate impacts in human dimensions.     

A2O工艺中雌激素的行为变化和去除机理

研究了厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A2O)活性污泥工艺对生活污水中天然雌激素雌酮(Estrone,E1)、17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)以及17α-乙炔基雌二醇(17α-Ethynylestradiol,EE2)的去除性能。在对COD、N和P具有良好去除效果的前提下,对E1、E2和EE2的去除率可分别达到92.7%、100%和62.7%。通过对各反应单元内3种雌激素的物料平衡分析,表明A2O工艺对雌激素的去除主要发生在厌氧段和好氧段。以失活污泥作为对照组,好氧硝化过程中雌激素去除的小试实验发现,好氧过程中E1、E2的去除主要依靠生物降解作用,而EE2的去除则主要依赖于活性污泥对其的吸附作用。     

Nationwide monitoring of atmospheric PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in South Korea

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured in ambient air samples collected from different parts of South Korea in 2008, and the measured levels were used for assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric PCDDFs and DL-PCBs in South Korea. The average concentrations of atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs among the 37 sites were 28 fg I-TEQ m⁻³ (ND ∼ 617) and 1 fg WHO-TEQ m⁻³ (ND ∼ 0.016). Elevated atmospheric levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs observed at residential/industrial sites and in the north-west of Korea, indicated a potential contribution and impacts of anthropogenic sources of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. These levels were similar or lower than those previously reported in other ambient air surveys. Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs showed small seasonal variations (ANOVA analysis, p = 0.144). The highest concentrations of PCDD/Fs were observed during winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer. Atmospheric PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in South Korea rapidly decreased during the last 10 years (1998-2008), demonstrating the efficiency of stricter regulations and the application of best available technologies/best environmental practices at emission sources. Comparison of the congener profiles and principal component analysis showed that current atmospheric PCDD/Fs are mostly influenced by industrial sources and PCBs from old commercial PCB uses. Nationwide POPs monitoring will continue and allows an effective evaluation of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs.     

Interactions Among the Copper Species and Forms in Sea Water/Sediments and Copper Bioaccumulation in Oysters

Abstract

Earlier papers indicated that the first incident of green discoloration in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the mass mortality observed in 1986 along the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal area were caused by the higher contents of total copper and copper species (mainly bioavailable and free ion) in sea water. the copper in sea water would be sorbed by suspended matter and transferred to sediments, and the copper in the sediments would also be desorbed to sea water. Processes of copper adsorption and desorption are the major factors influencing the contents of total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments. in this study, the Erhjin Chi sediments were mixed with sea water by a shaker technique. When the mixture was shaken for one hour, analogous to tidal mixing in estuaries, only copper desorption from sediments was observed. If the shaking time is increased for more than 3 hours, the copper released from the sediments was resorbed to the remaining solid phases. the higher the contents of mud (91.71%) and total copper (701 mg kg^?1) in sediments, the higher the copper desorption rate (1.86 ppm hr^?1) and copper adsorption rate (0.50 ppm hr^?1) were observed. in sediments containing lower mud (0.80%) and lower copper (43.5 mg kg^?1), the copper desorption and adsorption rates were 0.83 ppm hr^?1 and 0.22 ppm hr^?1, respectively. the interactions among the total copper and copper species in sea water and sediments, chemical and ecological parameters, and copper bioaccumulation in oysters in the Erhjin Chi estuarine and coastal area are also discussed.     

A/O+MBR工艺处理玉米深加工废水的中试研究

实验基于企业污水站的改造工程,研究了MBR对玉米深加工废水的处理效果并对工艺运行参数优化提出建议.结果表明,该工艺对COD的去除率可以达到90％以上,出水稳定在26 mg/L左右;出水NH4-N达到1 mg/L以下;TN去除率达到70％以上,出水TN达到10 mg/L以下,出水完全达到排放标准.通过4种工况的比较,说明在污泥浓度8 g/L左右,曝气池内DO在3 mg/L左右,MBR内DO＞4 mg/L,好氧段停留时间13.5 h,并保证3h以上的缺氧段水力停留段时间的条件下,A/O+ MBR工艺可以有效去除玉米深加工废水中的污染物.     

扩散电化学法现场测定高湿度烟气中低浓度二氧化硫能力的 研究

根据目前定电位电解法出现的问题,对扩散电化学法测定固定污染源高湿度烟气中低浓度二氧化硫的能力展开研究。结果显示,扩散电化学法测定值与参比值保持较好的一致性,说明该方法不受固定污染源烟气浓度、湿度以及负压等因素的影响,对高湿烟气中低浓度二氧化硫具备较强测定能力,非常适合该状况下SO₂的现场测定。但是方法也受传感器制约,适用范围受到限制。     

长白山火山泥石流分布影响因子权重分析

利用层次分析法对长白山天池火山泥石流分布影响因子的权重进行了分析。将对长白山天池火山泥石流分布影响作为评价目标,将地质条件、地形地貌以及植被覆盖情况作为第一层次的评价因子,地层年代、地层岩性、风化程度、堆积厚度、高程、相对高差、纵坡比、植被类型、覆盖程度作为第二层次的评价因子,由评价目标以及2个层次的评价因子构成了层次结构模型。通过层次结构模型建立了2个层次的4个判断矩阵,通过对判断矩阵的计算,最终得到了各因子对长白山火山泥石流分布影响的权重值。其中地形地貌中的相对高差及纵坡比对长白山火山泥石流分布的影响最大。