船舶柴油机NOx后处理技术的进展

根据国内外的降低NOx排放方面最新的成果和科研动态，主要介绍了当前正在研究或者已经应用于实际的有效降低柴油机NOx排放的技术措施，并分析了各种技术方法的特点和在实际应用过程中面临的问题。     

兰州市交通要道颗粒物污染状况及其致突变活性的研究

采用现场监测，色－质联用分析以及小鼠骨髓微核试验方法，评价了兰州市交通要道颗粒物的污染状况，分析了颗粒提取物（PE）的有机组成及致突变活性。结果表明，兰州市总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）污染严重。颗粒提取物中含有近100种有机化合物，其中包括致癌性多环芳烃。微核试验显示PE具有致突变活性，对人群健康的影响不容忽视。     

单缸摩托车发动机中低速性能优化

目的 解决某单缸摩托车发动机台架测试时中低速扭矩线性度差的问题.方法 基于CFD数值分析方法,运用热力学仿真分析软件GT-Power对发动机进行建模和标定,然后对原方案发动机进行摸底分析,最后通过优化配气机构和进排气系统来实现改善中低速性能的目标.结果 优化后的发动机台架测试结果中,发动机中低速扭矩线性度改善,动力性和经济性及排放都达到项目预期目标,峰值功率达到16 kW(9500 r/min),峰值扭矩达到18.6 N·m(7000 r/min),最低比油耗为183 g/(kW·h),CO、THC、NOx排放量分别为840、83、54 mg/km.配气机构运动学动力学性能与可靠性提升,进排气凸轮丰满系数分别达到5.14、5.15.结论 原方案中低速扭矩线性度差的原因为此转速段充气效率较低.优化凸轮型线、空滤器、消声器、排气管道参数能更好地利用进排气管道谐振效应来提升发动机中低速动力性能.     

氢氧化钠吸收—盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定污染源废气中的氮氧化物

对非稳态工艺废气中氮氧化物的监测 ,目前的监测方法无法获得准确满意的结果 .氢氧化钠吸收—盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法监测 ,可以延长采样时间 ,扩大测定范围 ,消除了推荐、试行方法中的有关缺陷     

城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展

城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂，在许多不可控因素，城市交通是一个动态系统，污染物排放量始终处于变化之中，控制城市交通污染，必须严格控制机动车排放，该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况，以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型，展望了这方面研究前发展趋势，并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

烹饪油烟污染与处理技术探讨

为了降低油烟对环境的污染,分析了油烟中的主要污染物成分及油烟对人体健康的几种危害。讨论了五种油烟净化技术:惯性分离法、过滤分离法、液体洗涤法、静电沉积法、复合技术。分析了液体洗涤油烟净化技术的原理、水循环利用时对洗涤废液进行的油水分离,提出了采用流场分析喷淋,以了解其流场的特性。结果表明,采用液体洗涤法去除油烟效率高,安全可靠。     

重型柴油车实际道路排放与行驶工况的相关性研究

采用SEMTECH-D车载排放测试仪测量了东风柴油卡车在城市实际道路工况以及等速和加速工况下的油耗及污染物排放状况.测试结果显示,测试卡车实际道路综合百公里油耗为17.8 L,NOx、CO和HC排放因子分别为3.96、8.86和2.15g·km-1.其中主干道路况相对较差,油耗与排放因子较高,是所有测试道路平均水平的1.3～1.8倍左右.研究结果表明,重型车油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高排放.车辆在30～50 km·h-1速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好.车辆在加速行驶时,油耗与NOx、CO排放因子可达到城市实际道路平均水平的2.0、2.2、1.4倍,急加速时达到2.8、2.1、14倍.应用比功率概念可准确描述车辆在各运行工况下的排放水平,但在重型车上缺乏实验依据,有待进一步研究.     

制氧机组排气噪声消声器设计

冶金行业制氧机组氧气排气噪声属 4极子亚声速喷注噪声 ,其声功率与流速的八次方成正比 ,产生的噪声很强。本文以河北某钢铁集团公司为例 ,对制氧机组排气噪声的特性进行了探讨 ,设计了阻抗复合式三级扩容减压小孔喷注消声器 ,工程实施后证明 ,消声器设计合理 ,达到了预期的降噪效果