南海大气环境对战术导弹结构可靠性的影响浅析

针对海上部署的战术导弹使用环境条件,分析了南海典型大气环境特点,主要包括高温、高湿度、高盐雾、强光照等,以及这些主要环境因素对典型战术导弹结构的作用效应和破坏模式,重点研究了南海大气环境导致腐蚀等对于结构可靠性的影响。最后,根据战术导弹结构的选用材料、结构形式等特点,提出了采取合理结构设计、选用耐腐蚀材料、采取表面处理防护技术、采取腐蚀检测/监测技术、建立数据库等措施建议,以期对提高南海地区导弹装备结构可靠性/耐久性提供参考。     

南海西部富颗石柱状样的矿物学特征

颗石藻生物矿化作用形成的方解石质颗石化石富含地球化学信息,是古海洋研究的理想材料,而典型样品的获取及其矿物学研究是前提与基础。选取南海西部越南岸外夏季上升流区MD05-2901孔柱状样,通过颗石分布特征、生源组分、矿物物相和红外光谱等矿物学特征研究,探讨了颗石化石关联的沉积环境信息,进而探索了古海洋研究的新思路和方法。结果显示：南海西部MD05-2901孔柱状样从顶部到底部（随着深度的增大）颗石化石含量具有表层较高、中部含量最高、底部含量少的分布特征;有机碳含量在1.19%—2.78%,平均含量为1.99%,随深度的增加逐渐减小;以颗石为主的碳酸钙质无机碳含量在0.85%—1.65%波动,平均含量为1.12%,变化呈现较明显的周期性,与颗石的分布特征有强相关性;柱状样C/N分析表明这一时期沉积物主要为海洋自生沉积。富颗石沉积样品矿物物相主要含有方解石、伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石、高岭石,以及少量石英等。FTIR分析表明蒙脱石中可能吸附有机质,值得矿物学家深入研究。颗石藻沉积环境的矿物学特征富含沉积信息,为古海洋研究提供了新的研究途径。     

氮和氧同位素示踪伊洛河河水硝酸盐来源及转化过程

河流硝酸盐(NO^-₃)浓度及氮和氧同位素组成(δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃)可以辨识河水NO^-₃受自然过程和人为输入的影响,但流域不同土地利用方式对河水NO^-₃来源及转化过程的影响尚不明确,特别是山区人为输入对河水NO^-₃的影响仍不清楚.选择土地利用空间异质性显著的伊河和洛河作为研究对象,借助水体水化学组成,氢氧同位素(δD-H₂O和δ¹⁸O-H₂O)、δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃,辨识不同土地利用方式影响下河水NO^-₃来源及...     

兰州市黄河风情线地表积尘及周边绿地土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为研究城市滨河公园景区地表积尘和周边绿地土壤重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险和健康风险,选择兰州市黄河风情线沿线的游园、广场和主题公园为研究区,分别采集了27个地表积尘和26个周边绿地表土样品.采用地累积指数(I_geo)、单因子污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_N)和改进的潜在生态风险指数(RI)评估Cr、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 As、 Cd、 Hg和Pb这8种重金属污染特征和潜在生态风险程度,并利用暴露风险模型进行健康风险评价.结果表明,研究区地表积尘和周边绿地土壤As含量的平均值略低于甘肃省土壤元素背景值,但地表积尘的其余元素均高于甘肃省和兰州市元素背景值,而周边绿地除Cr和Ni元素略低于甘肃省和兰州市的背景值之外,其余Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Hg和Pb含量的平均值却高于两者的背景值.地累积指数和单因子污染指数显示,研究区地表积尘受到Cr、 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Hg和Pb的污染,沿途绿地土壤存在不同程度的Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Hg和Pb的污染.内梅罗综合污染指数表明,研究区地表积尘和周边绿地土壤的综合污染程...     

黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的分布、来源和风险评价

河口湿地是陆海相互作用强烈的重要地球关键带,同时还受到人类活动的强烈影响.黄河三角洲湿地作为年轻的暖温带河口湿地,其微塑料污染状况尚未得到充分研究.因此对黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的形态、丰度、粒径和成分组成进行了测定,并使用污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在污染风险指数（PRI）评估了研究区域微塑料污染状况和生态风险.结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地微塑料丰度为20~520 n ·kg^-1,中值为150 n ·kg^-1.微塑料形貌以纤维和黑色为主,粒径在1 mm以上,成分多为人造丝、聚乙烯、聚酯纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等.湿地中微塑料的PLI值介于0.04~0.96之间,PRI值介于0.00~171.60之间,表明黄河三角洲湿地微塑料污染处于轻微污染和低生态风险水平.     

Transport of pollutants in two estuarine systems on the coast of Georgia

The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of pollutants in two coastal systems in Georgia: (1) Kubitskali river which flows into the Black sea through the city of Batumi and is polluted mainly from the effluents of an oil refinery; (2) Paliastomi lake, which is a shallow water body at the south-east of the city of Poti. During 2000-2001, two samplings took place in each system, one in the low-flow period and one in the high-flow period. During these samplings, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were measured in situ, whereas water samples were collected for the analysis of trace metals, nutrients, and organic pollutants with standard methods. The results of the measurements indicate the significant pollution of both systems by ammonia and in the case of Kubitskali River also by oil products. The need for a sustainable management plan of the activities taking place in the river basin is urgent.     

EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCHING SUCCESS IN NORTH ADRIATIC SEA POPULATIONS OF THE COPEPOD Acartia clausi

Egg production, fecal pellet production and hatching success are reported for Acartia clausi females sampled during three cruises in February 1997, 1998 and June 1997 at 20-24 stations along 4 transects in the North Adriatic Sea. Dramatically low hatching rates were recorded during both diatom bloom events in February as opposed to much higher rates during post-bloom conditions in June, even though A. clausi productivity during the bloom was apparently high. These results are discussed in the light of recent findings on the negative impact of diatoms on copepod reproductive potential.     

南黄海东部海域浮游生态系统要素季节变化的模拟研究

利用海洋生态系统动力学垂直一维物理-生物耦合模式模拟研究了南黄海东部海域浮游生态系统要素垂直分布的季节变化.物理亚模型为一维POM模式(Princeton Ocean Model),基于文献结果对垂直混合系数Kh和Km进行了调整;生态亚模型为ERSEM模式(European Regional Sea Ecosystem Model),主要考虑浮游植物、浮游动物、细菌、底栖碎屑和营养盐(氮、磷、硅)等状态变量.模拟结果表明,浮游植物出现一年双峰的态势和夏季次表层叶绿素最大值的现象,春、秋季水华期间,表层叶绿素峰值分别为3.25 mg/m3和0.71 mg/m3.浮游动物和细菌在春季水华后表层出现峰值,分别为143.6 mg C/m3和23.55 mg C/m3.硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐的垂直分布均在5-11月呈现表层浓度低、底层浓度高的分布.通过计算碳通量可以看出,在春、夏季,浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量分别为58.944 g C·m-2·quarter-1和68.276 g C·m-2·quarter-1,高于细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取.在冬季,细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取超过浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量.浮游动物在冬季主要摄食细菌,占71%;春、夏季主要摄食浮游植物,可达67.5%.浮游植物对碳的释放主要是以DOC的形式,约占90%.     

黄河三角洲不同植被类型土壤酶活性的季节变化

黄河三角洲自然保护区的酶活性季节特征一定程度影响了该地植被分布类型,为研究黄河三角洲自然保护区不同植被土壤酶活性的季节特征,分别选取碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)、刺槐(Black Locust)和高粱(Sorghum)5种典...     

Mesoscale variability related to iron speciation in a coastal Ross Sea area (Antarctica) during summer 2014

Dissolved iron (Fe) distribution and speciation was determined in water samples (0–200?m) collected in a coastal area near Terra Nova Bay during the austral summer of 2014. Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton composition and prokaryotic biomass distribution were investigated in combination with measurements of the physical properties of the water columns and its dynamics. The dFe value was above the limiting growth concentration, ranging from 0.52 to 4.51?nM, and it showed a spatial variability with a horizontal length scale of about 10?km, according to the variability of the water column physical properties and to iron sources. The organic ligands (L) maintained the concentrations of dFe at levels much higher than the inorganic solubility of Fe, keeping it available for phytoplankton and the log K’_FeL values found (from 22.1 to 23.6) highlighted the presence of complexes of differing stabilities.