扶正器对超深气井油管柱屈曲行为的影响研究

为对苛刻工况中超深气井油管柱的屈曲行为进行完整、定量的研究,针对塔里木油田某超深气井油管柱,采用接触问题的有限元法,建立了原始油管和带扶正器油管2种工况下的有限元模型,并对油管柱的屈曲、接触问题进行模拟。结果表明:2种工况下的油管柱均在中和点到封隔器段发生了非均匀的正弦屈曲,加扶正器油管屈曲后横向位移小,屈曲段变长,屈曲形态有所改善;该模型可以全井段对原始油管柱和带扶正器油管柱屈曲形态进行对比分析,并且可获取原始油管屈曲后与套管的接触压力及其摩擦力,可为扶正器位置设计和油套管摩擦损伤失效分析提供定量数据参考。     

海洋石油平台吊艇架结构安全评估

海洋石油平台吊艇架结构安全直接关系到整个平台的救逃生。为全面评估吊艇架结构承载安全性,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行吊艇架结构动静态力学分析,并在现场进行无损探伤及功能试验。研究结果表明:吊艇架结构在2.2倍工作负荷下最大等效应力为70.81 MPa,满足强度要求;最大位移3.38 mm,变形较小;模态分析显示吊艇架结构自振频率较大;吊艇架结构关键焊缝及应力集中部位无缺陷,救生艇升降时吊艇架无明显变形及异常。通过对吊艇架结构的有限元分析及现场检验,为吊艇架的安全评估提供了一种新的思路。     

剩余污泥水解酸化液中营养元素与有机质的回收

为回收剩余污泥水解酸化液中的营养元素与有机质,构建了白云石-水解酸化液钙镁溶出体系,获得富含钙镁的溶出液,控制溶出液反应pH和反应时间进行第1阶段回收,以回收后的上清液进一步作为钙镁源从水解酸化液中进行第2阶段回收。结果表明,钙镁溶出的适宜条件为酸化pH 4.0~4.5、白云石颗粒50~80目、固液比3∶100(每100mL水解酸化液中投加3g筛分后白云石)、溶出时间10h;第1阶段回收适宜的反应pH为8.5,氮(以氨氮计)回收率、磷(以可溶性正磷酸盐(以P计)计)回收率分别为10.24%和95.89%;第2阶段回收适宜的镁磷摩尔比为0.60、反应pH为9.0,此时氮、磷回收率分别为14.60%和83.91%;傅立叶红外变换(FTIR)和电感耦合等离子直读光谱(ICP)分析表明,回收产物主要由无机养分和有机质组成,重金属含量极少。利用白云石提供钙镁源能经济有效地回收剩余污泥水解酸化液中的氮、磷等营养元素,同时回收有机质,回收产物品质符合《有机-无机复混肥料》(GB 18877—2009)中Ⅰ型肥料要求。     

Kinetic and 2D reactor modeling for simulation of the catalytic reduction of NOx in the monolith honeycomb reactor

Emission of NO_x is of primary environmental concern in the oil sands industry. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the best NO_x reduction technologies. The present study discusses the testing of a mechanistic kinetic model for the SCR of NO_x to describe the kinetics of V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysis at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 623 K in a monolith honeycomb reactor. The modeling results impart insight into the significance of the diffusion with reaction steps and guidance for optimal monolith design for SCR. The validated expression would predict the conversion performance of the catalysts for different values of temperature inlet and ammonia concentration. A good agreement between experimental and model results has been obtained. A heterogeneous numerical model consisting of coupled mass and momentum balance equations was solved using the finite elements method without neglecting the axial dispersion term. The operating range for the catalyst relies on the NO conversion and emission. The optimum operating range for the best performance of the reactor is discussed.     

肘部张力对防静电无尘服功能的影响研究

本文模拟并计算了穿着状态下防静电无尘服肘部所受到的张力作用,以确定在穿用过程中服装受到的最大作用力。根据模拟计算结果,对在穿着状态下肘部张力对防静电服功能性的影响进行了实验研究,并对降低服装穿着时张力对性能的不良影响,提出了改进方法和建议。     

Heavy Metal and Trace Elements in Various Fish Samples from Sır Dam Lake, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

Achanthobrama marmid (thorn-bream) (n:24), Chondrostoma regium (nose-carp) (n:33) and Silurus glanis (wels) (n:21), and Cyprinus carpio (carp) (n:30) were collected from Sır Dam Lake in Kahramanmaraş Province. The iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) levels were determined in the total of 108 fish samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of heavy metals were expressed as mg kg⁻¹ wet weight of tissue. The mean Fe and Mn levels of muscle and gill of C. carpio were 0.8–5.71 and 0.30–1.96, respectively. The mean of the Fe and Mn levels of muscle and gill of A. marmid were 1.22, 5.07 and 0.38, 0.85 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The ranges of mean concentrations of Fe and Mn levels in muscle and gill of C. regium were 0.91, 5.61 and 0.27, 3.42 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The mean value of Fe in S. glanis gill was 1.03, which of Mn was 0.17 mg kg⁻¹. Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Pb were not detected in the muscle of S. glanis. The mean values for Co in muscle of thorn-bream, carp, and nose-carp were 0.005, 0.01, 0.0 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Nickel values in the muscle were ranged between 0.38 and 1.93 in thorn-bream, 0.06 and 1.34 in carp, 0.14 and 1.89 in nose-carp, in that order. The mean Pb levels of muscle and gill of A. marmid were 0.14 and 0.29 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The mean values of Pb concentration of muscle and gill for C. carpio were 0.13 and 0.50 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. In C. regium mean values for Pb in muscle and gill were 0.06 and 0.06 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The mean value of Pb in S. glanis gill was 0.42, ranged between 0.0–0.92 mg kg⁻¹.     

桩基缺陷偏心的二维效应分析

桩基低应变动测中经常会遇到桩身缺陷偏于一边的情况。对此 ,不同的检测人员可能会给出有一定差异的检测结果 ,这给有关部门对缺陷桩的定性以及决策带来不便。本文针对桩基低应变动测中可能遇到的桩身缺陷偏心问题 ,采用二维波动有限元方法进行数值模拟分析 ,研究桩身缺陷偏心的二维效应 ,分析缺陷偏心时桩顶各部位振动信号的差异 ,探讨对缺陷偏心桩在现场检测中应注意的问题。     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术在环境领域中的应用动态

激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种通过分析物质等离子体发射光谱而获取物质成分和含量的分析技术。近些年,该技术已经成为光谱学领域的研究热点且发展迅速,涌现出多种新的检测手段和仪器。从它的基本原理、发展历史及其在土壤、水和大气等生态环境保护领域的应用情况为基础,分析总结其优点以及所面临的问题和挑战。     

洪泽湖渔业水质监测点位优化布设

基于2001—2011年洪泽湖水质溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮和总磷长期定位监测数据,采用物元分析法研究洪泽湖渔业水质监测站位的优化布设。结果表明,用物元分析法将原来的21个监测站位优化为14个,监测点位优化后对监测结果无明显影响。     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法内标元素选择的研究

电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤标样中不同质量段的Cr、Cd、Pb元素,借以研究内标元素选择对测定值的影响。结果表明:选择内标元素,首要考虑因素是样品中不含该元素,而非质量数或第一电离能与待测元素接近;选择样品中含有成分作为内标元素时,对低浓度含量的元素影响更大;单一内标元素即可校正基体效应,实现对低、中、高质量段的多元素同时测定。对地质标样和未知样品,分别推荐了内标元素和选择内标元素的方法。