Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

可变电荷表面对磷的吸附与解吸动力学

研究了可变电荷表面为主的土壤对磷的吸附与解吸动力学。结果麦明,磷吸附和解吸动力学均可用修正的Elovich方程、双常数速率方程和分段拟合的抛物线扩散公式来表征。吸附和解吸过程均可分为快、慢两个反应阶段。磷吸附过程是一个扩散控制的不可逆过程.     

超细煤矸石矿粉作天然橡胶补强填充剂的性能研究

以煤矸石为原料，通过超细粉碎、表面改性等深度加工，制取了一种新的橡胶补强剂，并对煤矸石作补强剂影响因素进行初步的研究，实验表明它能够取代或部分取代炭黑用作天然橡胶的补强剂。     

顺城地区地表水污染防治对策

通过对顺城河北地区地表水环境现状特点及其污染状况的调查详细分析了各支流的纳污量,了解河北地区各支流对浑河主河道的“污染贡献”,运用科学的方法确定各功能水质目标,提出水污染总量、控制削减方案和治理方案。     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

重型柴油车实际道路排放与行驶工况的相关性研究

采用SEMTECH-D车载排放测试仪测量了东风柴油卡车在城市实际道路工况以及等速和加速工况下的油耗及污染物排放状况.测试结果显示,测试卡车实际道路综合百公里油耗为17.8 L,NOx、CO和HC排放因子分别为3.96、8.86和2.15g·km-1.其中主干道路况相对较差,油耗与排放因子较高,是所有测试道路平均水平的1.3～1.8倍左右.研究结果表明,重型车油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高排放.车辆在30～50 km·h-1速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好.车辆在加速行驶时,油耗与NOx、CO排放因子可达到城市实际道路平均水平的2.0、2.2、1.4倍,急加速时达到2.8、2.1、14倍.应用比功率概念可准确描述车辆在各运行工况下的排放水平,但在重型车上缺乏实验依据,有待进一步研究.     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅ (Ｎ2 Ｏ)ｉｓａｖｅｒｙｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓ,ａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｌａｙｅｒｏｆｓｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＮ2 Ｏｍａｉｎｌｙｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｃｃｏｕｎ…     

Preliminary studies on nitrous oxide emissions from the ornithogenic soils on Xi-sha atoll, South China Sea

IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isoneofthemostimportantgreenhousegases ,anditplaysanimportantroleinthedepletionofstratosphericozone (Crutzen ,1977;Zhu ,2 0 0 4 ) .TheatmosphericN2 Oconcentrationshavebeenincreasingattherateof 0 2 %— 0 3%peryearandthegl…     

稳定土技术在土路扬尘治理中的应用及展望

综合分析了稳定土技术用于土路扬尘污染治理的各种方法。然后在此基础上对该课题的研究及其发展提出了有关看法和建议     

美国水环境保护的机制与措施

以加利福尼亚州水环境保护工作为例,介绍了美国水环境保护工作的机构设置、职能划分、资金机制以及工业污染源管理模式,包括排放标准的制订原则、总量控制与排放许可证制度等,还介绍了美国的水环境监测和水环境功能区的划分方法,污水处理的机制和技术,面源管理情况等内容.美国水环境管理的机制和措施具有与我国不同的特色,对美国的水环境保护起到了良好的效果,其中一些较好的经验和技术是值得我国环境保护工作借鉴的.