4-硝基苯胺与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

通过荧光和紫外光谱法研究了4-硝基苯胺与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的作用.结果表明,4-硝基苯胺对HSA的内源荧光具有强烈的猝灭作用.猝灭机理为静态猝灭,同时伴随有非辐射能量转移的发生.根据双对数方程计算其结合常数和结合位点数.确定4-硝基苯胺与HSA有一类结合部位.根据热力学参数得出4-硝基苯胺与HSA之间的主要作用力为氢键和疏水作用力.同步荧光的结果表明,作用点位靠近色氨酸,并且使色氨酸的疏水环境增强.     

Insect cell-based impedance biosensors: a novel technique to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants

Cell biosensors are currently emerging as novel, sensitive techniques to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Here, we have developed electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) for on-line monitoring of the behavior of insect cells. Cells were cultured on a microarray of eight small gold electrodes, deposited on the bottom of tissue culture wells. Upon inoculation, cells showed a tendency to drift downward and attached to the gold surface precoated with the protein Concanavalin A to accelerate the cell attachment. The impedance increased because the cells acted as insulating particles to restrict the current flow. The resulting impedance, a coordination of many biological reactions within the cell, was continuously monitored in real-time to reveal information about cell spreading and micromotion. As the cell behavior was sensitive to external chemicals, the applicability of ECIS for inhibition assays was demonstrated with HgCl₂, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB). Electronic Publication     

罗丹明染料荧光猝灭法分别测定痕量二氧化氯和亚氯酸根

在碱性条件下,ClO2氧化罗丹明染料发生荧光猝灭可选择性地测定ClO2的含量,而ClO2-不干扰测定;在酸性条件下可测量ClO2与ClO2-共同产生的荧光猝灭强度,利用差减法可求出ClO2-的含量.对于罗丹明S,罗丹明G,罗丹明B及丁基罗丹明B四体系,ClO2浓度分别在0.00840-0.53μg·ml-1,0.0930-3.15μg·ml-1,0.215-2.610μg·ml-1及0.0825-1.096μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系;亚氯酸根浓度分别在0.00950-0.711μg·ml-1,0.0940-2.36μg·ml-1,0.473-4.73μg·ml-1及0.473-2.36μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系.另外,选择罗丹明S荧光猝灭法分别测定了饮用水中ClO2及ClO2-,获得了满意的结果.     

Mosaicism for trisomy 12: Four cases with varying outcomes

Trisomy 12 observed in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) may reflect generalized mosaicism or indicate mosaicism confined to only the placenta. In this report, four cases of trisomy 12 observed in CVS or cultured placental biopsies with varying outcomes are presented. Seven dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms for chromosome 12 were used to determine the chromosome 12 origins in the fetus or child and to delineate the mechanism(s) that gave rise to the trisomy. In two cases (cases A and C), the mosaicism was confined to the placenta, resulting in normal liveborns. Although, in one case, the molecular results suggested an apparent duplication of one paternal chromosome 12 in the placenta, normal biparental inheritance was found in the diploid fetal cell line in both cases. In two other cases (cases B and D), trisomy 12 was observed in both extraembryonic and fetal tissues. In one of these pregnancies, a child was born by Caesarean section at 37 weeks because of intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios, and resulted in neonatal death. Molecular markers and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed low-level trisomy 12 mosaicism in the spleen. In the fourth case, fetal abnormalities were detected on ultrasound and low-level trisomy 12 mosaicism was observed in amniotic fluid cells using conventional cytogenetics and FISH. Molecular markers revealed a maternal meiosis I non-disjunction of chromosome 12 in DNA from a cultured placental biopsy. Although predicting the outcomes of pregnancies involving confined placental mosaicism remains difficult, molecular techniques are valuable tools for distinguishing uniparental from biparental disomy and mechanisms of mosaicism.     

流动注射在线离子交换富集-原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量汞

提出了一种流动注射在线离子交换富集一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定水样中总汞的分析方法。设计了双柱并联富集，串联洗脱的在线离子交换流路及操作程序，优化了各项化学条件及流路参数。方法操作简便快速，灵敏度高，干扰少。富集倍数达25倍以上，采样频率为30次／h，回收率达90％－105％。应用于环境水样中痕量汞的测定，获得了满意的结果。     

Prenatal detection of trisomy 21 in uncultured amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization: A prospective study

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of trisomy 21 in interphase nuclei of uncultured amniotic fluid cells. Five hundred cases were analysed in situ and classified as normal or abnormal; the results were subsequently checked against the cytogenetic findings. Four hundred and ninety-three were correctly identified as normal with an 86·6 per cent average frequency of scored nuclei exhibiting two signals; six cases were correctly identified as trisomic for chromosome 21 with 81·7 per cent of scored nuclei exhibiting three signals; and one abnormal case involving an unbalanced chromosome 21·21 translocation was falsely scored as normal due to poor hybridization/detection efficiency. The method has been substantially improved and simplified so that it is suitable for the rapid detection of trisomy 21. As aneuploidy detection in interphase does not identify structural chromosome aberrations, it is not a substitute for fetal chromosome analysis.     

Comparative analysis of the structure of carbon materials relevant in combustion

The determination of the structure of carbon materials is an analytical problem that join the research scientific communities involved in the chemical characterization of heavy fuel-derived products (heavy fuel oils, coal-derived fuels, shale oil, etc.) and of carbon materials (polycyclic aromatic compounds, tar, soot) produced in many combustion processes.

The knowledge of the structure of these “difficult” fuels and of the carbon materials produced by incomplete combustion is relevant to research for the best low-environmental impact operation of combustion systems; but an array of many analytical and spectroscopic tools are necessary, and often not sufficient, to attempt the characterization of such complex products and in particular to determine the distribution of molecular masses.

In this paper the size exclusion chromatography using N-methyl-pyrrolidinone as eluent has been applied for the characterization of different carbon materials starting from typical carbon species, commercially available like polyacenaphthylene, carbon black, naphthalene pitch up to combustion products like soot and soot extract collected in fuel-rich combustion systems. Two main fractions were detected, separated and molecular weights (MWs) determined by comparison with polystyrene standards: a first fraction consisted of particles with very large molecular masses (>100 000 u); a second fraction consisted of species in a relatively small MW range (200–600 u). The distribution of these fractions changes in dependence on the carbon sample characteristics.

Fluorescence spectroscopy applied on the fractions separated by size-exclusion chromatography has been used and comparatively interpreted giving indications on the differences and similarities in chemical structure of such different materials.     

利用分子信标和EXO III放大荧光信号快速检测Ag+

设计新型的DNA探针,其主要功能区域包含适配体区域和分子信标互补区域;当无靶标存在时,羧基荧光素（FAM）的荧光被黑洞猝灭基团（BHQ）猝灭,加入靶标后,Ag⁺与适配体区域特异性结合,使得分子信标与其互补区域发生结合,加入EXO Ⅲ后,分子信标被酶解,从而释放Ag⁺/DNA探针复合物用于下一轮反应,同时产生大量的FAM,因此,可以通过荧光的增强来定量检测靶标的含量.评价了该方法的灵敏度和选择性,探究它在实际样品中的表现能力.结果表明,适配体区域与分子信标间隔2个碱基的DNA探针与分子信标结合效果最好,检测的信噪比最大.该方法对Ag⁺的检测最低下限（LOD）为0.1nmol/L,在0.5~200nmol/L范围内,荧光值与靶标浓度成线性关系（R²=0.994）.对实际样品的检测在20~200nmol/L范围内呈线性关系（R²=0.998）,且能很好的从混合样品中区分10nmol/L Ag⁺.该研究建立的快速检测Ag⁺方法具有良好的线性定量能力和操作性能,且灵敏度高、特异性强,可满足现实的需求.     

太湖北部湖区春、冬季节天然有机质的荧光特征及环境意义

天然有机质(OM)广泛存在于各类水体,含有丰富的碳、氮、磷等生源要素,其形成、转化、归宿及其相伴随的营养盐再生过程是水生态系统营养盐生物地球化学循环的重要环节,在湖泊蓝藻水华暴发过程中势必也扮演着非常重要的营养盐供给者的角色.本研究于2015年2月和5月分别在太湖北部湖区采集了17个样品,利用POM-DOM PARAFAC三维荧光模型解析春、冬季节颗粒态有机质(POM)和溶解态有机质(DOM)的荧光特征及来源,并探讨POM和DOM各荧光组分之间及其与叶绿素a(Chla)的关系.结果表明,春、冬季节太湖北部湖区POM和DOM的荧光峰、荧光中心位置和荧光强度均存在明显的差别;POM有着比DOM更复杂的组分构成.综合POM和DOM的荧光强度和荧光指数可知,春、冬季节太湖北部湖区POM和DOM均以自生源为主,河口区受陆源贡献较大.POM(C1p~C5p)和DOM(C1d~C5d)有5种荧光组分,分别是类色氨酸(C1和C2)、类腐殖质(C3和C4)及类酪氨酸(C5).POM和DOM的荧光组分特征存在明显的差别;春、冬季节POM均以类腐殖质荧光C3为主,荧光组分高值区分别集中在梅梁湾区域和湖心区;而DOM均以类蛋白组分C2、C1和C5为主,荧光组分高值区均分布在竺山湾区域.相关分析结果显示,春季C1d与C2d(P0.01)、C3d与C4d(P0.01)、C1p与C4p(P0.05)、C2p与C5p(P0.01)均具有较强的相关性.值得注意的是,C3d(P0.01)、C4d(P0.05)与C3p均具有较好的相关关系,表明POM与DOM在组分、来源上具有某种联系.与春季类似,冬季荧光组分C1d与C2d、C3d与C4d、C1p与C2p、C1d与C2p亦具有极好的相关性(P0.01).春季C5d与Chla之间存在正相关关系(P0.01),而C2d(P0.05)、C3p(P0.01)与Chla之间具有负相关关系;冬季C4d与Chla之间也存在负相关关系(P0.05).     

合肥市典型交通干道大气苯系物的特征分析

为研究合肥市交通干道大气苯系物污染状况,采用自主研制的差分吸收光谱(DOAS)系统,于2016年3月期间对合肥市交通主干道大气苯系物(苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)以及常规污染物NO_2、SO_2等进行了连续观测.观测结果显示,观测期间苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为:21.7、63.6、33.9和98.7μg·m~(-3).与国内外其它城市比较显示,合肥市交通干道大气苯和甲苯的污染处于中等水平,二甲苯的污染较为严重.结合观测期的间风速风向、T/B特征比值以及与CO等污染物的相关性,对上述苯系物来源进行了分析,结果显示观测期间T/B值为0.8~4.5,苯、甲苯与CO的相关性系数R分别为0.55和0.34.表明机动车尾气排放是观测区域苯和甲苯的主要排放源之一,同时也受到周边工业园区排放的影响,二甲苯的主要排放源为观测地点北偏东方向的涂料行业工业园区.苯和甲苯的夜间高浓度峰值分析结果表明,夜间的高浓度苯和甲苯可能主要来源于观测地点周边工业园区的排放.观测区域苯系物的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)表现为邻二甲苯间二甲苯甲苯苯,其中二甲苯的OFP占总OFP的85%,表明周边工业园区的排放对该地区臭氧生成的贡献较大.