船舶油污损害民事责任若干问题研究

船舶油污侵权是民事侵权行为的一种,针对该种侵权的民事赔偿责任,国际上制订了专门的国际公约,一些国家也制定了自己的有关船舶油污损害的赔偿体系。在船舶油污损害责任制度下,一个核心问题就是责任主体问题,只有明确了责任主体,才能使油污损害赔偿得以顺利进行。但是调整国际油污损害赔偿的冲突规则比较匮乏,各国国内法的规定也不尽相同,如何适用法律,各国司法实践多有不同。立足于中国现行的法律体系,首先明确了各种船舶油污损害应当适用的法律,然后依据所适用的法律具体分析责任主体的确定问题。     

云南省重点污染源监控中心的设计与展望

按国家要求并结合云南省实际,云南省设计并着手实施重点污染源监控中心建设项目。文章介绍了云南省重点污染源监控中心的各子系统组成及其功能特点,分析了监控中心建设对提升环境管理水平、提高环境执法工作效能、增强环境事故应急处理能力、保障公众权益方面的作用和意义。     

考虑气液置换的压回法气井压井过程对井底压力的影响*

为在压回法气井压井计算中进一步贴合现场实际情况,提出新的压回法气井压井过程计算方法。在压井过程中,考虑压井液与侵入井筒的气体发生置换,导致井筒流体自上而下分布为液－气液２相－气－气液２相的实际问题,建立压井过程模型,并对井底压力的变化进行计算分析。结果表明:发生气液置换对压回法压井过程井底压力以及注入压力具有明显影响,考虑气液置换对井底压力的控制可更加精确,同时,气液置换越多,压回过程所需要的注入压力越大,易引起更加严重事故。因此,气液置换过程在压回法压井过程不可忽略。     

应对环境风险的反身规制研究

面对当前日益严峻的环境风险和生态危机,环境领域的两大规制模式——命令控制规制模式和激励规制模式呈现规制失灵、治理不力的困境。从反身法理论来阐释,是由于这两种规制模式忽略了法律系统与其他社会子系统自身的独特运行逻辑,法律系统具有运行的封闭性与认知的开放性,有效的规制模式必须实现不同系统之间的结构耦合。反身规制是一种对自我规制的规制,其在承认法律自身规制局限性的基础上,培育其他子系统的反思结构,为提升当前环境治理绩效提供了一个新路径。实现对环境风险的反身规制,需要从信息披露、程序设计及商谈规范方面建构相应的法律制度。     

Understanding the synchronisms and anachronisms of the Columbia River Treaty in relation to the principles of international water law

Based on the theory of the politics of international law and the hermeneutic theory for international relations, this paper aims to demonstrate how the history and contextual changes within the Columbia River Basin have affected the underlying principles of the Columbia River Treaty with those of international water law.     

A Power Law Model for River Flow Velocity in Iowa Basins

This study explores power law relationships to estimate water flow velocity as a function of discharge and drainage area across river networks. We test the model using empirical data from 214 United States (U.S.) Geological Survey gauging stations distributed over the state of Iowa in the U.S. The empirical data are the measurements of the mean cross‐sectional velocity and concurrent discharge. The data are used to estimate parameters for a state‐wide model and to test for spatial variability for 15 large river basins contained within the state. Spatial differences among the basins are small but some parameters significantly differ from the state‐wide model. Using individual station data, the authors also explore a simpler power law model that disregards dependence on the drainage area. Overall, the study shows that including drainage area improves the model. Our study provides parameter values that can be directly incorporated into a regional scale routing model, and provides a framework for developing flow velocity models for hydraulically similar rivers in the U.S. and the world.     

论环境刑法效率的角色

环境刑法的效率即环境刑法效率,是在环境刑法目的的范围内,通过环境刑法机制的运行,环境刑法收益与环境刑法成本之间的比例关系对环境刑事法律资源的配置与利用所达到的一种法律状态。在环境刑法法律价值中,环境刑法效率与环境刑法公正是一体的关系。在环境刑法运行中,环境刑法效率具体化为环境形式立法效率、司法效率、行刑效率,对环境刑法的运行发挥着指导、评价作用。在环境刑法变革中,环境刑法的变革过程在效率的视角上是一个不断追求环境刑法效率的过程。     

衡阳近五十年暴雨气候特征和变化规律分析

利用统计分析、Morlet小波分析和墨西哥帽小波诊断方法,对近50n衡阳暴雨的时空变化进行分析,得到其变化规律和周期震荡的突变点,结果表明:衡阳暴雨分布不均,其中南、北部偏多,中部偏少,平均暴雨数为3.0次/n;≥100mm暴雨占暴雨总数的11.0%,特大暴雨较少出现;衡阳局地性暴雨占23.6%,主要以区域性和全市性暴...     

Building a global taxonomy of wildlife offenses

Most countries have many pieces of legislation that govern biodiversity, including a range of criminal, administrative, and civil law provisions that state how wildlife must be legally used, managed, and protected. However, related debates in conservation, such as about enforcement, often overlook the details within national legislation that define which specific acts are illegal, the conditions under which laws apply, and how they are sanctioned. Based on a review of 90 wildlife laws in 8 high-biodiversity countries with different legal systems, we developed a taxonomy that describes all types of wildlife offenses in those countries. The 511 offenses are organized into a hierarchical taxonomy that scholars and practitioners can use to help conduct legal analyses. This is significant amidst competing calls to strengthen, deregulate, and reform wildlife legislation, particularly in response to fears over zoonotic threats and large-scale biodiversity loss. It can be used to provide more nuance legal analyses and facilitate like-for-like comparisons across countries, informing processes to redraft conservation laws, review deregulation efforts, close loopholes, and harmonize legislation across jurisdictions. We applied the taxonomy in a comparison of sanctions in 8 countries for hunting a protected species. We found not only huge ranges in fines (US$0 to $200,000) and imprisonment terms (1.5 years to life imprisonment), but also fundamentally different approaches to designing sanctions for wildlife offenses. The taxonomy also illustrates how future legal taxonomies can be developed for other environmental issues (e.g., invasive species, protected areas).     

平煤股份六矿“U+L”通风综采面最佳横川间距确定

随着煤层开采深度的增加,煤层瓦斯含量不断增加,采空区瓦斯涌出量也随之上升,"U"型通风方式容易出现上隅角瓦斯超限等问题,影响煤矿安全生产,而"U+L"型通风方式中滞后横川和瓦斯抽放的运用对消除上隅角瓦斯超限和工作面瓦斯防治具有明显的作用。根据尾巷、横川及上隅角处瓦斯浓度符合规程且工作面横川间距最远时最经济合理的原则,针对平煤六矿戊8-22310工作面实际情况,利用Fluent软件模拟了尾巷有、无抽放时采空区瓦斯分布规律,得出了尾巷有抽放时和无抽放时最远横川间距。研究成果对"U+L"型工作面横川间距确定及工作面瓦斯防治提供了理论指导。