Kinetic,equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for the sorption of metribuzin from aqueous solution using banana peels,an agro-based biomass

Banana peels were employed for the removal of metribuzin from aqueous solution. Sorption in the batch mode was optimized regarding pH, contact time, sorbent dose, initial pesticide concentrations, and temperature. The sorption data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, Elovich, and liquid film diffusion model, the pseudo-second-order exhibiting best fit (R² = 0.9803). Of the four most common sorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich), the data followed the Langmuir isotherm with highest correlation. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 167 mg g^?1. Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy showed that the sorption was exothermic and spontaneous.     

活性炭纤维对水中微囊藻毒素的吸附性能

利用活性炭纤维对水中微囊藻毒素MC—LR的吸附，研究了吸附过程的热力学与动力学特性。结果表明，活性炭纤维对MC—LR的平衡吸附量在相同温度下随MC-LR初始浓度的增加而显著增大，并随着温度升高而增加，最大吸附量达246μg／g。不同温度条件下，活性炭纤维对MC-LR的吸附均较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。通过热力学分析发现，△H=15．7kJ／mol、△G〈0、△S〉0，表明该吸附是自发的、吸热的过程，温度升高有利于吸附反应。动力学研究表明，该过程符合一级动力学方程。吸附反应速率受颗粒内扩散和液膜扩散共同影响。活性炭纤维经再生后，平衡吸附量变化较小，具有良好的重复使用性能。     

Ionic dye adsorption by zinc oxide nanoparticles

The adsorption behaviour of Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) has been investigated to understand the physicochemical process involved and to explore the possible use of nanoparticles in the treatment and management of textile waste matter. The dye removal capacity of ZNP towards Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 was found to be 15.64, 6.78 and 6.38 mg g^?1, respectively. The adsorption process was pH dependent and optimum pH values of 9.0, 2.0 and 4.0 were obtained for Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1, respectively. Equilibrium was established after 1.0 h for all dyes. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to the system. The adsorbent ZNP was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. SEM analysis revealed the noticeable nanoporous morphology of the material. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the process is driven by an electrostatic complexation mechanism. XRD studies revealed the nanocrystalline structure of ZNP. BET surface area measurement suggested a high pore volume and large surface area for the adsorbent. The kinetic measurements suggested pseudo-second-order kinetic processes with high regression coefficients and smaller standard error of estimate values and lower residual sum of squares. The thermodynamic measurements suggested that all processes were exothermic and accompanied by negative values for Δ G⁰, Δ S⁰ and Δ H⁰.     

柠檬酸盐络合铜在污泥上的吸附

利用二沉池污泥进行吸附柠檬酸盐络合铜实验。研究了吸附动力学、热力学、液固比以及pH值对吸附的影响,同时对比污泥吸附前后FTIR光谱推测吸附主要基团。结果表明,吸附速率受多种机制共同影响;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述污泥吸附柠檬酸盐络合铜动力学数据;增加液固比,总铜去除率下降;偏酸性环境下污泥对络合铜吸附效果较优;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型;红外光谱特征分析表明,污泥含有的—OH、酰胺基、—COO-、硅酸盐物质可能是污泥吸附络合铜的主要活性基团。     

羧甲基壳聚糖-膨润土复合吸附剂对Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Cr^3＋的吸附

用羧甲基壳聚糖和膨润土制备复合吸附剂，研究了复合吸附剂在不同参数下对Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋和Cr^3＋吸附的影响。结果表明，复合吸附剂对Ni^2＋的吸附可以很快达到吸附平衡，而对Cu^2＋和Cr^3＋的吸附分别在30min和180min时达到平衡；且pH值对吸附容量的影响很显著。通过计算不同温度下的热力学参数△G、△H和△S，3种金属的△G〈0，证实这3种金属吸附都是自发过程。Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋和Cr^3＋的吸附等温线较符合Langmuir型；反应动力学都更符合准二级吸附速率方程。     

NaClO_2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO_2和NO的热力学研究

利用化学热力学基本原理分别对NaClO2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO2、NO的反应过程中摩尔反应吉布斯自由能变、摩尔反应焓变、化学反应平衡常数以及化学反应达到平衡时的SO2和NO的分压力进行了计算,结果表明：利用NaClO2/氨水溶液同时脱除SO2、NO是可行的,且SO2和NO的脱除效率几乎可以达到100%。     

改性玉米秸秆吸附Cu2+的动力学和热力学

本研究用ZnCl2作为活化剂,使用功率640 W的微波照射4 min的方法制备改性玉米秸秆。考察投加量、pH、吸附时间对吸附性能的影响,并对等温吸附特征、吸附动力学和热力学进行了系统研究。结果表明:投加量为0.2 g,pH为6,改性玉米秸秆对Cu2+具有很好的吸附效果,吸附在8 h后达到平衡。该吸附过程符合Langmuir及Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程,其反应的吉布斯自由能△G<0,为自发反应过程。     

核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb2＋的吸附

实验通过间歇吸附方式研究了核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附特性，探讨了核桃壳粉粒径及用量、溶液pH、Pb^2＋初始浓度等参数对吸附的影响，并讨论了吸附过程的热力学和动力学特征。结果表明，核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋吸附的最佳pH为5．0，去除率随吸附剂粒径的减小、用量的增加、Pb^2＋初始浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下，0～0．3mm15g／L的吸附剂在298K时，对pH=5的50mL50mg／LPb^2＋溶液的去除率达96．98％。核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋的吸附等温线符合Sips模型，在283、293和303K的最大吸附量分别为18．25、18．27和20．94mg／g。吸附过程是放热的、混乱度减小的自发过程，且符合准二级动力学模型。吸附速率常数随温度升高而减小，在293和303K时分别在90和120min基本达到平衡。结合FTIR和SEM手段发现核桃壳对Pb^2＋的吸附以物理吸附为主，同时包括离子交换、螯合等化学吸附以及颗粒内扩散步骤，是一个复杂的过程。     

多孔性Mn3O4的制备及其对水中镉的吸附

采用硫酸锰水解-氧化两步法制备了多孔性四氧化三锰,以X射线衍射、扫描电镜和氮吸附比表面仪对其进行了表征,研究了该多孔性Mn3O4在不同的溶液pH值、吸附时间、投加量和温度下对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附行为,并测定了吸附过程的动力学和热力学参数。实验结果表明,该法合成的四氧化三锰属四方体心结构,一次晶粒尺寸为45.8 nm,颗粒间存在大量的孔洞,BET法比表面积为40.27 m2/g。在293 K,pH 5.5,吸附12 h时达到平衡,饱和吸附量为12.8 mg/g。该吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,其反应的吸附活化能为2.743 kJ/mol,吸附等温线较好地符合Langmuir等温方程,吸附焓变和熵变均为正值,自由能变为负值,说明该吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。     

聚合氯化铝污泥对磷的吸附动力学及热力学

聚合氯化铝污泥（polyaluminium chloride sludge,PACS）是指以聚合氯化铝（PAC）为混凝剂的城镇给水厂在生产过程中所产生的污泥。采用批量吸附实验考察了PACS对磷的吸附动力学及热力学行为。结果表明,吸附反应发生1 h后,PACS对磷的吸附量达到平衡吸附量的75%～90%,随后PACS对磷的...