基于GIS技术的工业危险废物排放信息管理系统研究

研究运用C#语言与地理信息系统(GIS)二次开发组件MapObjects相结合的技术,建立工业危险废物排放信息管理系统。该系统将危险废物排放信息与地理坐标有效地结合起来,准确定位工业危险废物的排放地点及其相关的排放信息,对工业危险废物的排放信息进行查询和处理,使申请排放单位和接纳单位通过环境保护部门进行良好的沟通,便于工业危险废物的分类、管理及回收再利用。     

基于GIS的茂县水资源开发利用信息管理评价系统设计

为了实现对茂县水资源的高效利用，将水资源开发利用评价的知识与地理信息系统结合在一起，设计出一个基于GIS的水资源开发利用评价系统，从而对茂县的水资源合理利用和加大开发提供一个有力支持，以满足对茂县经济社会发展的要求。本文对该系统的需求分析、系统结构、数据、系统各功能、系统实现进行了说明。     

广佛都市区城镇建设用地扩展的时空变化分析

以Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据源,解译获得不同时期(1988年、1995年、2001年和2005年)广佛都市区城镇建设用地的空间分布信息,同时采用GIS技术并结合扩展强度指数对研究区城镇建设用地的扩展进行时空变化分析.结果表明,建设用地总量从1988年的260.47 km2增加到2005年的1 360.93 km2,且主要增加量集中在1988-1995年;研究区扩展强度指数较大值出现在1988-1995年;1988-2005年,UII较高的区域出现在城郊地带;从扩展方向看,正东和西南一直保持较高强度的扩展;研究区城镇建设用地的扩展受高速增长的经济和人口的推动,此外交通建设的完善也带动着城镇建设用地向外扩展.本文可为区域都市区的土地利用布局优化提供借鉴.     

Urbanization and its impact on groundwater: a remote sensing and GIS-based assessment approach

The perils of unplanned urbanization and increasing pressure of human activities on hydro-geomorphologic system often result in modification of the existing recharge mechanism, which leads to many environmental consequences. In the present research, an attempt has been made to investigate the applicability of remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) in dealing with spatial and temporal variability of dynamic phenomena, like urbanization and its impact on groundwater. This paper covers primarily, quantitative and qualitative impacts of urban growth on the behavior of aquifer in Ajmer city (India). Urban growth of the Ajmer city in last 17 years has been estimated from the satellite images. Database related to urbanization and groundwater has been created in GIS. Groundwater recharge has been computed using a water balance approach known as Water Level Fluctuation Methodology. Recharge estimation methodology has been implemented in GIS to introduce the spatial variability of hydro-geological characteristics. Further, temporal and spatial variations in groundwater quality and quantity have been correlated with urban growth using overlay analysis in GIS. The study reveals a general decline in water table and quality with urbanization. Further, remote sensing and GIS technologies have been found useful in assessment of spatial and temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater system.     

Geographic distribution and environmental characterization of livestock production systems in Eastern Africa

The central role played by livestock in the livelihoods of rural households in the developing world is seldom fully appreciated by policy makers, development agencies and donors. Knowledge gaps in the geographic distribution and environmental determinants of farming systems, especially if viewed through the livestock lens, compound this problem. We have produced a map of pastoral, agro-pastoral and mixed farming systems across Eastern Africa, by analysing datasets collected in the framework of livelihood analysis. Input data were gathered between 2000 and 2007 by various emergency and development agencies for Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Uganda and parts of Ethiopia and Sudan. A quantitative definition of the production systems is adopted, based on the ratio of livestock- to crop-derived income. The resulting livelihood-based map of livestock production systems was compared through correspondence analysis to an alternative livestock production systems map, produced independently from environmental data. Convergence between the two mapping approaches was evident. The geographic distribution of the livestock production systems was also modelled using multivariate analysis of remotely sensed and other geospatial datasets. Models show high statistical accuracy, and were thus used to fill the gaps in the observed distribution of livestock production systems. Finally, selected environmental factors underpinning the systems (agro-climatology, human and livestock populations and land cover) were analysed in detail, enabling the livestock production systems to be characterized in terms of them. The regional scope of the map, as well as its direct link with a vast amount of livelihood information, render it a valuable tool for a range of development and research applications, including those related to global change.     

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

流域地下水质评价的GIS与模型集成分析

流域水环境管理已经成为当今环境科学的一个重要研究对象，对流域规模的水资源可持续管理和战略环境评价，地下水质评价是其重要内容，急需方法学的支持。全面分析目前国内外GIS与模型集成的研究现状，论述GIS与综合指数模型和机理模型集成的所需条件、优势和存在的问题。强调集成中应对模型的特征、模型的输入输出要求、流域数据基础以及GIS软件的功能进行具体分析，否则将导致区域分析的误差加大甚至产生错误信息。结合地下水水质评价常用的指数模型和机理模型，提出了GIS与模型的集成框架，分析GIS在集成中的3种模式，指明GIS与模型集成的发展方向。最后基于GIS与模型集成的现存问题提出对策，得出GIS与综合指数模型和机理模型集成的最优方法及适用条件，为具体应用提供方法学指导。     

基于GIS的陇南灾区建设用地适宜性评价

以甘肃省陇南市地震灾区为例，运用AHP法和GIS空间分析方法，综合考虑了地区气候地形、人口分布、交通区位、经济基础和地震易发程度等影响因子，并通过用地适宜性分区，对地区自然生态和社会经济格局进行重新审视，从协调资源、环境、人口、经济的相互关系出发，空间开发强调因地制宜，即让开发成本低、资源环境容量大的地区承担高强度的开发建设活动；而让生态和地质环境脆弱、开发难度大的区域承担生态维护和生态产业功能。结果表明：陇南市用地适宜性呈现出极大的地缘差异性，适宜发展用地主要分布于东北部丘陵盆地地区，南部地区以限制发展用地为主，西北部地区由适度发展用地和限制发展用地构成。其中适宜发展用地占地区总面积1727%，适度发展用地占4441%，限制发展用地占3831%。     

基于GIS的生态环境影响评价建模方法初探

分析了生态环境影响评价指标体系的建立方法,并在此基础上,探讨了以Arc/Info为平台,使用矢量数据建立生态环境影响评价模型的方法,并与使用栅格数据的评价模型进行了对比分析,得出使用矢量数据的评价模型具有运算结果精确度高、修改方便、效率高、操作过程简单等优点.     

基于GIS的重庆市城区环境质量评价

城区环境质量评价是环境评价的重要研究内容，但是目前关于城区环境质量评价指标体系与模型还不够完善，为此提出了城区环境质量评价的方法。该方法通过系统分析，建立城区环境质量评价指标体系，在此基础上，建立城区环境质量评价方法，并通过实例详细分析了城区环境质量评价方法的应用。