Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Effects of methyl-CD and humic acid on hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl

Hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl was investigated in the multi-pH deionized water, natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions. Resulting data indicated that the herbicide was stable in the acidic and neady neutral solutions for at least 15 d. The herbicide diclofop-methyl rapidly dissipated in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions with half-lives less than 4 d. Methyl-CD(partially methylated β-cyclodextdn) improved its hydrolytic degradation in the pH 8 deionized water and natural aquatic systems while humic acid inhibited its hydrolytic degradation at the same conditions. But dissolved organic matter in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions increased its hydrolysis. Two catalysis mechanisms were introduced to describe the effects of cyclodextrin and organic matter on its hydrolytic metabolism. Though inorganic ions maybe improved its hydrolysis reaction in the natural aquatic systems, Fe^2 and Cu^2 did not form complexes with the herbicide and had poor influences on its hydrolytic degradation whether cyclodextrin was added or not.     

Adsorption and correlation with their thermodynamic properties of triazine herbicides on soils

IntroductionAdsorptionofherbicidesonsoilfromwaterisanimportantfactoraffectingtheirfate,biologicalactivity,andpersistenceinsoil watersystem .Itisoftenaffectedbyseveralpropertiesofsoil.Betterunderstandingofadsorptionanditsaffectingfactorswillmakeitpossibletoadjusttheherbicidedosageaccordingtosoilproperties,thusreducingtheenvironmentalpollutionofherbicidesintheenvironment.Fig .1　StructuresofthreetriazineherbicidesAmongthepost emergentherbicides,triazineherbicidesaremostcommonlyusedworldwideonco…     

除草剂普杀特在粘土矿物上的作用行为研究

以土壤蒙脱石为粘土矿物代表，通过制备Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋和Ａｌ＾３＋等单离子饱和的粘土自载膜，运用红外光谱仪ＦＴ－ＩＲ研究了新型除草剂普杀特在自载膜上的作用机理，并由Ｘ衍射仪表现了普杀特在蒙脱石内层生成配合物的可能。     

喹禾灵含酚废水混凝氧化效果的试验研究

选用三氯化铁作混凝剂，次氯酸钠作氧化剂，研究了混凝剂和氧化剂的投加量、pH及不同的反应时间对喹禾灵含酚废水处理效果的影响。试验结果表明，混凝剂最佳投加量为8．0g／L，最佳pH为9～10；氧化剂最佳投加量为50mL/L(有效氯为5．2％)．最佳pH为2～3。在最佳条件下，废水经混凝氧化后，其CODc，、对苯二酚、色度的去除率分别达98．12％、97．26％、99．00％。     

除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为研究

除草剂在土壤上的吸附和解吸行为是支配该除草剂在环境中的生物有效性和持久性的重要因素之一，同时对于预测除草剂在土壤和潜层水中的运动也是有重要作用。本文从吸附机理、实验技术、动力学、影响因素、常数的计算方法等方面阐述了除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为及其环境学意义。     

液相色谱/质谱用于饮用水和地下水中的苯脲及三嗪草类除草剂的确认分析

本文介绍了液相色谱／大气压化学电离-质谱联用技术作为确认方法，检测饮用水和地下水中苯脲及三嗪草类除草剂的残留。共分析了16种除草剂，同时对分析方法进行了验证，其中标准偏差、离散度等结果均能满足饮用水的标准方法指南。     

农业管理实践对除草剂环境行为的影响

除草剂的土壤环境行为与受人为控制的农业管理实践有密切的关系。本文通过文献调研综合分析了农田灌溉、耕作制度、施肥、作物秸秆还田和除草剂施用量等农业管理实践对除草剂土壤环境行为的影响 ,并据此提出了减轻除草剂污染地下水的若干思路。     

草甘膦

草甘膦(glyphosate)是由美国孟山都公司开发的除草剂。又称:镇草宁、农达(Roundup)、草干膦、膦甘酸。纯品为非挥发性白色固体,比重为0.5,大约在230℃左右熔化,并伴随分解。草甘膦常常用来防除果园、茶园、桑园和农田休闲地杂草,针对稗狗尾草、看麦娘等一年生杂草。