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41.
High concentrations of metals (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and of lindane were measured in the sediment and in the spawn and tadpoles of Bufo bufo, Rana dalmatina, and Rana ridibunda from two Austrian locations. Residues in spawn suggest maternal transfer. Increase of the metal concentrations from spawn to advanced tadpole stage is explained by the larval microphaguous feeding habits which cause high exposition of the tadpoles to substances concentrating in sediments and suspended particles. Metal and pesticide concentrations in spawn and tadpoles are toxic to various other aquatic organisms and are furthermore considered to be potentially hazardous to the anurans themselves. The results are conform with world‐wide observations of contamination of anuran larvae with heavy metals, and prove the significance of non‐point source chemical exposure due to allochthonous toxicant input by wind load and precipitation. 相似文献
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Carine Saison Natasha J. Waller Anu Kumar Rai S. Kookana 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):226-234
The impact of pesticides, namely thiobencarb (TBC), molinate (MOL) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), on soil microbial processes was studied in two Australian soils. Substrate induced respiration (SIR), substrate induced nitrification (SIN) and phosphatases and chitinase enzymatic activities were assessed during a 30-day microcosm study. The pesticides were applied to soils at recommended rates either alone, or as binary mixtures with TBC. Soil samples were sampled at 5, 15 and 30 days after pesticide treatments. Substrate induced respiration was only transiently affected by pesticides in both soils. In contrast, the process of indigenous nitrification was affected by the presence of pesticides in both soils, especially when the pesticides were applied as binary mixtures. Substrate induced nitrification increased with pesticides in the Griffith soil (except with MOL+TBC after 5 days) whereas SIN values were non-significantly different to the control on the Coleambally soil. The binary mixtures of pesticides with TBC resulted in a decrease in SIN in both soils, but the effects disappeared within 30 days. The enzymatic activities were not consistently affected by pesticides, and varied with the soil and pesticides studied. This study showed that, when applied at recommended application rates, TBC, MOL, and CPF (individually or as binary mixtures), had little or only transitory effects on the functional endpoints studied. However, further investigations are needed to assess the effect on microbial densities and community structure despite the low disturbance to the functions noted in this work. 相似文献
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过氧化氢酶活性及活性抑制的测定 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
广泛存在微生物及动植物体内的过氧化氢酶已应用于生态毒理及生态化学的研究领域,本文主要介绍了通过肝过氧化氢酶活性抑制的测定,来估价受试化学品对水生生物急性及亚急性效应的方法。 相似文献
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Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in
northeast China 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekimensis) and soybean (Glycine max) as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead (Pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant (P〈0.01) linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2+ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly (P〈0.05) synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2+ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor. 相似文献
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海洋藻类毒素的生态毒理学研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
从生态毒理学角度介绍了麻痹性贝毒(PSP)、腹泻性贝毒(NSP)、神经性贝毒(NSP)、记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)和西加鱼毒素等几种主要海洋藻类毒素的一些研究进展,包括毒素对人类及海洋生物的毒性、毒素在食物链中的积累和转移、毒素的致毒途径、海洋生物对毒素的回避和选择性取食等。这些毒素可通过食物链在贝类或其他海洋动物体内积累并浓缩放大,从而危及人类健康,有的毒素还能直接对海洋生物产生毒害作用,破坏海洋生态环境。文中同时也介绍了该领域研究工作在我国开展情况及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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为探究藻类对大型溞农药抗性的影响及其机制,分别将5种淡水广布的甲藻、硅藻、绿藻、隐藻、蓝藻等量培育大型溞后,再将大型溞分别暴露于2种杀虫剂吡虫啉(水溶性)和氰戊菊酯(脂溶性)中,测定大型溞的半数致死剂量、化学计量比(P/C,N/C)和脂肪酸含量.研究表明:与生源性化学元素氮磷相比,N3不饱和脂肪酸能更好揭示大型溞对藻类的捕食关系;藻类的N3不饱和脂肪酸含量是影响大型溞对水溶性农药抗性的关键因子;大型溞对脂溶性农药的抗性差异比暴露在水溶性农药中更明显.因此,藻类的N3不饱和脂肪酸是预测大型溞对水溶性农药抗性强度的最佳因子,其有助于更准确地预测以不同藻类为食的大型溞食物链对自然环境中污染物的抗性和风险. 相似文献
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