长江口南北支浮游动物群落生态学研究

长江口特殊的生态环境使得浮游动物的种类组成、密度和时空分布等生态特征有别于其它水体。2005年秋季（丰水期）和2006年春季（枯水期）对长江口南北支浮游动物进行了2个航次的调查,沿南北支由西向东设立3个采样断面共20个采样点。共采集到浮游动物227种,其中轮虫65种,原生动物107种,枝角类15种,桡足类40种。优势种包括龟甲轮虫（Keratella）、刺簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、砂壳虫（Difflugia）、表壳虫（Arcella）、砂壳纤毛虫（Tintinnid）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、汤匙华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus dorrii）、广布中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops leuckarti）、象鼻溞（Bosmina）等。文章对南北两支浮游动物的种类组成和结构进行了比较,南支浮游动物的种类、数量及生物多样都高于北支,南北两支的浮游动物群落相似度很低。南北两支水域环境的不同造成其浮游动物群落结构的较大差异,文章分析了环境因子与浮游动物群落结构的相关性,其中水温是重要的影响因素,水温的季节性决定了浮游动物在时间分布上的变化。盐度对浮游动物群落结构的影响主要决定了其物种生态类型及空间分布。从整体上看,南北支主要受长江径流控制,浮游动物的种类组成以淡水种为主,咸水种在断面3出现较多。     

Short-term e ects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28–29, September 2005, water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration, zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before, immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water) at seven locations from 27 Sept. 2005 to 2 Nov. 2005. Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water. Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change. Before drawing water, most species in Sanjiao Lake e.g., Brachionus sp. and Keratella sp. were tolerant of contamination. After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged. We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration. Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the e ect.     

Short-term effects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28-29,September 2005,water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration.To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration,zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before,immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water)at seven locations from 27 Sept.2005 to 2 Nov.2005.Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water.Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change.Before drawing water,most species in Sanjiao lake e.g.,Brachionus sp.and Keratella sp.were tolerant of contamination.After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged.We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration.Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the effect.     

人工湿地组合工艺对水体中浮游动物群落结构的影响

研究了在不同水力负荷条件下［0.6 m³·(m²·d)^-1,0.8 m³·(m²·d)^-1,1.0 m³·(m²·d)^-1］,人工湿地组合工艺系统对浮游动物群落结构的影响和在相同的水力负荷下,人工湿地组合工艺系统对浮游动物群落结构影响的季节性变化.结果表明,在水力冲击负荷为0.8 m³·(m²·d)^-1时对浮游动物群落结构的影响相对较大;春、夏、秋季的作用强于冬季,而秋季对浮游动物群落结构的影响最大;对大型浮游动物的影响大（去除率≥70％）,对小型浮游动物的影响相对小一些,湿地出水中出现了一些进水中没有的种类;稳定塘的存在对浮游动物的群落结构变化起到了缓解作用,组合工艺（下行流湿地→兼性塘）的作用效果较弱;下行流→上行流湿地→推流床湿地和下行流湿地→推流床湿地的作用效果较强,对浮游动物的影响较大.     

辽宁徐大堡海域浮游动物多样性及群落结构的季节变化

于2009年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)、冬季(12月),在辽宁徐大堡海域共开展四个航次的现场监测,进行浮游动物群落结构、优势种及其季节演替、特征种的丰度及时空分布(包括优势种、鱼卵和仔稚鱼等)以及物种多样性的时空分布等研究。结果表明:研究海域浮游动物的种类数及物种多样性,夏季最高,春季和秋季次之,冬季最低。浮游动物优势种主要属于广温广盐类群和近岸暖温类群,优势种及其群落组成的季节演替较明显。浮游动物优势种的丰度,春、夏季较高,秋、冬季较低;水温的季节变化及沿岸水的输入是该海域浮游动物群落结构及丰度时空变化的主导因素。     

大小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落分布特征

根据2009年8月和2010年5月大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物春、夏季航次调查资料,对该海域浮游动物种类组成、优势种、生物量及其分布、密度及其分布、生物多样性等进行了分析。结果表明:春、夏季共检出浮游动物34种,主要种类为近岸低盐种,其中春季23种,夏季30种;优势种9种,以桡足类占优势,主要为中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、大同拟长腹剑水蚤和双刺纺锤水蚤等,优势种季节变化较明显。浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数和均匀度指数等季节水平分布特征变化明显,并与温度和盐度呈显著相关。聚类分析显示大、小长山岛周围海域浮游动物群落春、夏季相似度较高。与20世纪80年代相比,本次调查浮游动物群落已发生了一定程度的变化。     

Activity of Beavers as an Ecological Factor Affecting the Zooplankton of Small Rivers

The role of beavers in the transformation of small rivers is elucidated by analyzing the taxonomic and trophic structure of zooplankton in ponds differing in age, water flow rate, and the degree of overgrowing with higher aquatic plants. The building activity of beavers in the river system promotes the formation of biotopes of the ecotone type, in which the planktonic invertebrate community develops some features similar to or different from those of zooplanktonic communities from lakes and rivers undergoing anthropogenic eutrophication. The main distinctive feature of response to this activity in zooplankton is that its development reaches a plateau at the early and middle stages of succession, compared to that under conditions of anthropogenic eutrophication. For small rivers, the concept of zoogenic eutrophication (in addition to anthropogenic) is proposed.     

阜阳城区水体浮游动物群落周年结构特征及其与水质的关系

于2011年3月到2012年2月逐月对阜阳城区几条主要河流：颍河（A）、泉河（B）、西城河（C）、东城河（D）、南城河（E）、西清河（F）、中清河（G）、东清河（H）及三角洲（I）水体进行设点采样,研究各水体浮游动物的结构特征及多样性水平,并分析了各水体浮游动物的生物量与相应水体主要水质指标的相关关系。结果表明：浮游动物密度在各水体一年中出现两个高峰,分别在4—5月和10月,生物量也有两个高峰,分别比相应密度高峰晚一个月左右;这些高峰与水质指标具有相伴关系;各水体浮游动物生物量与相应水体主要水质指标（CODCr,、BOD、DO、TP、NH。-N）具有显著的相关关系。因此,阜阳城区各水体浮游动物生物量与水体污染程度有一定关系,可根据浮游动物生物量来判别相应水体水质,但鉴于水生态环境的复杂性,在监测水质时,其它生物因子也应综合考虑。     

生态修复后九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种演替及生态位特征分析

探究生态修复后九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种生态位特征及主要影响因素,为九曲湾水库及相关饮用水源地水库生态系统的保护、修复提供理论和技术支撑。于生态修复前2014年4月(平稳期)、2014年7月(爆发期),2015—2016年生态修复后12月(枯水期)、4月(平水期)、7月(丰水期)进行数据采集,采用优势度、Levins生态位宽度、Petrailis生态位重叠指数等方法,对九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种演替、生态位特征及主要影响因素进行分析。结果表明,九曲湾水库生态修复前共鉴定浮游动物30种,其中轮虫类26种,桡足类4种,枝角类未检出;生态修复后共鉴定浮游动物50种,其中轮虫类30种,枝角类13种,桡足类7种。生态修复前,平稳期到爆发期优势种的更替率为75%,爆发期到生态修复后枯水期优势种的更替率为80%。生态修复后,枯水期到平水期优势种的更替率为66.6%,平水期到丰水期季节更替率为57.14%,共同优势种为裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)。九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种生态位宽度在0.250—0.931之间,生态修复前和生态修复后广生态位种类占全部优势种的75%、58.33%、70%、33%、0。优势种生态位重叠指数在0—0.998之间,生态位重叠程度差异较大,平稳期、爆发期、枯水期、平水期、丰水期生态位重叠指数大于0.6的分别占53.57%、50%、73.33%、66.67%、66.67%。生态修复前影响浮游动物优势种生态位分化的主要因素是水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO),生态修复后影响浮游动物优势种生态位分化的主要因素是总磷(TP)、叶绿素(Chl.a)。研究表明,生态修复前蓝藻水华发生期影响浮游动物生态位分化的环境因子为物理因子,生态修复后影响浮游动物生态位分化的环境因子为营养盐。     

东海浮游多毛类的时空分布

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,探讨了东海浮游多毛类数量变化、相应的动力学过程及与渔场的关系。结果表明:浮游多毛类秋季平均丰度为23.68×10-2/m3,夏季8.59×10-2/m3,冬季5.80×10-2/m3,春季最低(1.20×10-2/m3);温度在多毛类丰度的季节变化中起主要作用,盐度次之。除了秋季,其他季节多毛类丰度平面分布较为均匀。多毛类的数量波动,与东海暖流势力消长和沿岸水有密切的联系,也同暖流势力从夏季到秋季维持一段时间有密切关系。