Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake： A S-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus （TP） played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons （i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn）; COD （chemical oxygen demand） and BOD （biological oxygen demand） presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were obser,qed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans （transparency of water） and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phyto：plankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

长江口九段沙附近水域浮游动物时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

为探究九段沙附近水域浮游动物(包括轮虫、桡足类和枝角类)群落结构、丰度的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2012年分季度进行了采样调查.该水域共检出浮游动物37种,其中轮虫31种,桡足类5种,枝角类1种.浮游动物丰度存在一定的季节差异,空间分布差异性极显著(p＜0.01).轮虫和桡足类在河口集中分布的区域不同,枝角类数量极少.通过对生物指标与环境因子的相关性分析,发现该区域浮游动物主要受温度、盐度、营养盐(TN、TP)、叶绿素a的影响.与前人研究比对,九段沙附近水域浮游动物种类数有增加趋势,优势种由原来较为单一向多元化发展,且一些富营养指示种现已成为优势类群.研究表明,该水域目前的生态环境状况不容乐观,周边环境压力值得重视.     

THE EFFECTS OF DIPOTASSIUM ENDOTHALL ON THE ZOOPLANKTON AND WATER QUALITY OF A SMALL POND1

ABSTRACT: Zooplankton samples and dissolved oxygen-temperature readings and water samples were taken from a treatment and control pond on 41 and 42 separate occasions, respectively, both before and after the application of 5.0 mg/l (a.i.) dipotassium endothall to the 0.31 ha treatment pond on May 31, 1973. Seasonal fluctuations in the density of Cladocera and Copepoda coincided quite closely in both ponds and were similar to the fluctuations reported in the literature to be typical of temperate region ponds and lakes. An apparent seasonal shift in generic composition from .Daphnia spp. in May to Ceriodaphnia spp. in June to Chydorus spp. from July/early September occurred in both ponds and is thought to be at least partially due to fish predation. No apparent changes in species composition or generic densities of Cladocerans was noted in the treatment pond that did not also occur in the control pond. There were no noticeable effects of the dipotassium endothall on either the Calanoida or Cyclopoida suborders of Copepoda. A later pulse of Ostracoda in the treatment pond, when compared to the control, may have been due to the dipotassium endothall or to a combination of the effects of the herbicide on the macrophytes and the method of sampling. A decrease in dissolved oxygen below saturation, occurring in the treated pond from 3–21 days after treatment, was attributed to an increase in biological oxygen demand associated with weed-kill. There was no noticeable increase in plant nutrients (N and P) in the treated pond following herbicide application, nor were there any apparent changes in the other chemical parameters studied.     

富营养湖泊中轮虫群落结构季节变化的环境驱动力研究(英)

通过对桥墩湖一周年的逐月采样,比较了影响轮虫群落结构季节变化的3种环境驱动力的相对重要性。桥墩湖是一个富营养湖泊,具有较高的营养盐和Chl a含量以及低的透明度。研究发现：水温和营养水平是影响轮虫数量和群落结构季节变化最重要的理化因子。由于大型枝角类数量的稀少,其对轮虫数量并没有显著的负面影响。短尾秀体溞是影响轮虫群落结构季节变化的最重要的枝角类;然而大多数优势轮虫与短尾秀体溞密度峰值的共同出现可能反映了它们对高营养水平和高水温的共同喜好。在浮游植物中,绿藻是决定轮虫密度的最重要的浮游植物门类;而其中的隐藻则是影响轮虫群落结构变化的最重要属。3组环境因子(理化因子、浮游植物、浮游甲壳动物)对轮虫群落结构的季节变化具有相似的解释大小。这些结果表明：在该富营养湖泊中,轮虫群落结构的季节变化可能主要受理化因子和食物资源的影响;浮游甲壳动物对轮虫群落结构的塑造作用有限     

Response of Drinking-water Reservoir Ecosystems to Decreased Acidic Atmospheric Deposition in SE Germany: Signs of Biological Recovery

Strongly decreasing atmospheric emissions and acidic deposition during the 1990s have initiated chemical reversal from acidification in several drinking-water reservoirs of the Erzgebirge, SE Germany. We studied responses of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish stocks in five reservoirs and at enclosure scale after experimental neutralization of 1,200 m³ of lake water. About 4 months after this treatment, diatoms and cryptomonads replaced the predominating chrysophytes and dinoflagellates. The colonization by acid-sensitive species of green algae, cryptomonads, rotifers and Cladocera (e.g. Bosmina longirostris) is explained by the occurrence of dormant stages or by survival of individuals in very low abundances. Analogous to the enclosure experiment, three reservoirs showed significantly (p < 0.01) falling trends of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolume, mainly due to the decline of dinoflagellates. Picoplankton and diatoms increased slightly in two reservoirs. The zooplankton communities were dominated by rotifers and small Cladocera. Representatives of the genus Daphnia were lacking. Two reservoirs were re-colonized by zooplanktivorous fish populations of either perch (Perca fluviatilis) or sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus). The latter exhibited extremely high fluctuating abundance and biomass and even suffered from a population crash. This natural mortality was caused by a limited food supply. Hence, severe top-down control may delay the recovery of larger zooplankton species like daphnids. Fishery management comprising the introduction of predatory fishes can help to control zooplanktivorous fish populations and to prevent their mass mortality.     

用浮游及底栖动物的种群结构和数量分布评价洋河水质的研究

本文根据浮游及底栖动物种群结构和数量分布特点，对秦皇岛市洋河进行了初步评价。评价结果表明：生物监测技术方法可行，简单直观，与化学监测的结果基本一致。洋河属于中——重污染。     

大李家湾养殖水域浮游动物数量分布

1997年4月至1998年4月对大李家湾养殖水域进行了综合调查。结果表明，大李家湾共鉴定出浮游动物52种，隶属于5门、5纲、15目、33科40属。浮游动物生物量在养殖区内、外月际变化趋势相同，生物量差别不大。1月份生物量最高，11月份最低。在个体丰度上，小型浮游桡足类所占比例较大。同时，分析了浮游动物的分布与环境因素之间的关系。     

杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性研究

根据2004年5、8月2个航次杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物的监测资料,对浮游动物的种类组成和多样性进行了研究。结果表明,2个航次杭州湾生态监控区共监测到浮游动物49种,隶属于11大类,以桡足类为主,有21种;水母类5种;糠虾类4种;毛颚类3种;幼虫7种;磷虾类、樱虾类、端足类、十足类和多毛类各1种,其他类4种。生物量在8．3-400．0 mg／m3,栖息密度在22．5-285．0个／m3,平均栖息密度为116．25个／m3;5月大于8月。多样性指数在1．64-3．41,5、8月杭州湾浮游动物的多样性阈值平均为1．7、2．1,多样性水平Ⅲ级,显示杭州湾生态监控区浮游动物多样性较好。     

三都湾生态监控区(近海部分)浮游动物的分布特征

根据2004年三都湾生态监控区(近海部分)浮游动物的监测资料,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成和数量分布特征.经分析,鉴定出浮游动物139种及浮游幼体和幼虫54种(类),分5个生态类群,以暖水近岸类群为主.本海域主要优势种有:拟细浅室水母、中华哲水蚤、强额拟哲水蚤、刺尾纺锤水蚤、肥胖箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫.该海域浮游动物种类数5月从北向南有下降的趋势;8月由北向南呈上升的趋势,各断面种类数有由近岸向外上升的趋势.5月份浮游动物平均生物量明显高于8月份.     

PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN A TWO-RESERVOIR SERIES1

ABSTRACT: It is suggested that new impoundments undergo an initial period of trophic upsurge lasting one to three years because of organic detritus and inorganic nutrients from the inundated basin. The new Monksville Reservoir in Passaic County, New Jersey, provided an opportunity to study the accelerated transformation of the Wanaque River into a 200-ha lake and to compare productivity with the older Wanaque Reservoir located immediately downstream. A one-year investigation of both reservoirs was conducted during 1988. The primary productivity (0.547 g C m^?2 d^?1) of the new Monksville Reservoir was not significantly different from that of the established Wanaque Reservoir (0.668 g C m^?2 d^?1). Mean surface chlorophyll a concentrations were similar (3.0–4.0 μg 1^?1), although the Monksville Reservoir exhibited more pronounced chlorophyll peaks in spring and late autumn. Phytoplankton and zooplankton populations were consistently larger and fluctuated sharply in the Monksville Reservoir. Both reservoirs became thermally stratified, but only the Monksville Reservoir developed a metalimnetic dissolved oxygen minimum. The results demonstrated that the predicted trophic upsurge in the new reservoir did not occur in the first year therefore, the ecosystem dynamics did not fit the model for larger reservoirs.