浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及水质响应

为探明浙江省水源地水库浮游动物食性功能群特征及其与水体综合营养状态指数(TLIc)的关系,达到用浮游动物食性功能群参数监测水源地水库水质的目的,于2014年1月—2018年10月对浙江省8座饮用水水源地水库(K1～K8)开展了水质参数及浮游动物食性功能群丰度、生物量、物种多样性指数季节性调查.采用多元逐步回归与通径分析...     

东平湖浮游动物对南水北调东线运行的时空响应

东平湖是南水北调东线工程输水线路下游的最后一个调蓄湖泊.为探究调水后的东平湖浮游动物时空响应,于2016—2017年对东平湖浮游动物进行了涵盖春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)、冬(1月)的4次调查,共检出浮游动物3类72种(属),其中,轮虫51种(70.83％)、枝角类11种(15.28％)、桡足类10种(13.8...     

北运河流域沙河水库的浮游生物群落特征分析

北运河是北京市最重要的排水河道,近年来流域综合治理工作使得其生态环境逐步得到改善.为掌握北运河生态环境的改善状况,本研究于2018年5月—2019年7月基于北运河上游重要节点的沙河水库开展了水生态调查,并通过文献调研,系统对比了近年来北运河水质改善状况.实地调查结果发现,沙河库区及其上下游（以下简称为沙河）浮游植物的主要组成为绿藻门（Chlorophyta）和硅藻门（Bacillariophyta）,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表明沙河水质处于中污染状态;沙河浮游动物主要组成部分为原生动物和轮虫,浮游动物丰度的季节性差异明显.冗余分析结果显示,化学需氧量与浮游生物丰度显著相关（p<0.01）.基于文献调研的结果表明,北运河的水质经历了"污染-污染加剧-污染遏制"的过程,且北运河的污染治理工作在2015年已见成效,浮游生物的变化也佐证了这一过程.但目前沙河化学需氧量和总氮、总磷浓度仍然无法达到水功能区划的要求.因此,未来可通过加强非点源污染的治理、强化污水处理厂脱氮处理工艺等措施进一步改善北运河污染状况.     

Evaluation of the effect of antimicrobials in marine cultures,using the copepod Acartia tonsa as a bioindicator

Cultures of the copepod Acartia tonsa are used both in aquaculture and ecotoxicology studies. However, the cultivation of these crustaceans at high densities results in the proliferation of microorganisms that can affect the organisms of interest, leading to illness or death. Antimicrobials inhibit microbial growth and may favour the cultivated species, aiding the development of ecological studies. This study investigated the potential of antimicrobials (antibiotic + antifungal) to inhibit bacteria and fungi when applied to marine zooplankton cultures, using the copepod A. tonsa as a bioindicator of acute toxicity. Treatment with 0.025?g?L^?1 of penicillin G potassium + 0.08?g?L^?1 of streptomycin sulphate + 0.04?g?L^?1 of neomycin sulphate + 0.005?g?L^?1 of nystatin resulted in 95% bacterial inhibition (after 12?h of exposure); however, after this time, the inhibitory effect was lost. The antimicrobial combination tested in this study prevented colonisation by fungi until 168?h after exposure, without causing acute toxicity to A. tonsa. Thus, it has potential for use in marine cultures of less sensitive organisms.     

Evaluation of a System to Automatically Sample Zooplankton From the Discharge of Dams1

ABSTRACT: Automatic plankton samplers installed at two dams on the Connecticut River Continuously monitored crustacean zooplankton from October 1977 through 1979 and allowed a significant reduction in man-hours involved in an extensive sampling program. Automatic samplers efficiently sampled most species and size classes of crustacean zooplankton in a similar, but not consistently identical manner as a commonly used towed-net plankton sampler. The smallest sized zooplankton were captured more efficiently than the largest. Mesh selection and sampler avoidance exerted different influences on automatic samplers and towed nets. Future use of the samplers and direct comparison of results to results obtained by other methods was supported.     

In situ Measurement of Daphnia longispina Grazing on Algae and Bacteria in a High Mountain Lake (Lake Paione Superiore,Northern Italy) using Fluorescently Labeled Cells

Grazing impact of Daphnia longispina on phytoplankton and bacteria in Lake Paione Superiore (Northern Italy) was evaluated using fluorescently labeled cells in short-term in situ experiments. Structure and size distribution of Daphnia were studied weekly from its appearance in July to its decline in September. Relative importance of algae and bacteria in the diet varied over time, as did consequently the relative impact of Daphnia on the phytoplankton and bacteria populations. Biomass of bacteria in the diet of Daphnia varied from 1 to 42%, and was highest at the beginning of population development when young individuals dominated. The percent biomass of algae in the diet increased with population development, ranging from 58 to 99%. Daphnia population consumed per hour 0.04–1.8% of bacteria and 0.3–17.6% of phytoplankton abundances.     

Impacts of algal blooms removal by chitosan-modified soils on zooplankton community in Taihu Lake, China

It is important to assess the e ect on zooplankton when perform the environmental protection or restoration technology, especially removing algal blooms, because algae were the major primary producer in algal lakes. The influence on zooplankton community after half a year of algal blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils in Taihu Lake was assessed and the rationality of carrying out the process semiannually was evaluated in the present study. Morphological composition and genetic diversity of zooplankton community were investigated by microscope checkup and polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). A total of 44 zooplankton taxa (23 protozoa, 17 rotifers, 3 copepoda and 1 cladocera) were detected by microscope checkup, and a total of 91 bands (28 bands amplified by primers F1427-GC and R1616, 63 bands amplified by primers Fung-GC and NS1) were detected by PCR-DGGE. The results of cluster analysis or detrended correspondence analysis indicated that there was no considerable di erence in morphological composition of zooplankton and DGGE profiles between experimental and control sites, and DGGE profiles could represent the biologic diversity. The study showed that zooplankton community could recover original condition after half year of algal blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils and it was acceptable to apply this process semiannually. In addition, the results revealed that PCR-DGGE could be applied to investigate the impacts of the environmental protection or restoration engineering on zooplankton community diversity.     

浮游动物在生物操纵法除藻中的作用研究

采用室外现场实验和室内受控生态系统实验相结合的方法,研究了富营养化水体中浮游动物对藻类生长的控制作用。对浮游动物与藻类的计数与测量数据,利用SPSS统计软件进行了方差分析(LSD多重比较法)和相关性分析。实验结果显示,总磷含量比总氮含量对浮游动物生长的影响更大。浮游动物与藻类之间呈现显著或极显著相关关系,说明浮游动物群体,尤其甲壳类群体,在适当条件下对藻类群体以及其中的蓝藻有一定的控制作用。适当的鱼类密度下,浮游动物能够起有效的控藻作用,但鱼类密度过高会抑制该作用。底泥在生态系统中起重要作用,能够影响浮游动物对藻类的摄食力。     

河北沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物

2004年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)用浅海I型I、I型标准浮游生物网在河北沿岸22 km以内近岸海域进行了浮游动物生态调查。结果显示,春季仅记录37种浮游动物,而夏季记录60种浮游动物。浮游动物总生物量以春季为高,平均为886 mg/m3;夏季为低,平均为234 mg/m3。中华哲水蚤,腹针胸刺水蚤,双毛纺锤水蚤为春季优势种;强壮箭虫,小拟哲水蚤,拟长腹剑水蚤为夏季优势种。     

热带城市湖泊生态恢复中水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类的关系研究

惠州西湖是典型的热带浅水富营养化湖泊,通过建立示范区,进行了鱼类调控和水生植被修复,示范区的水质得到显著改善。作者从2006年3月到9月对水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类进行采样分析。结果表明,水生植被的生物量3月份时为1.249kg·m-2,到9月份逐步增加到9.167kg·m-2,鱼类生物量在研究期间有所下降,渔获量从3月份的17.5kg到9月份时降低至7.61kg,示范区浮游动物丰度低于平湖,其中大型浮游动物丰度高于平湖,轮虫丰度则呈缩减,示范区和未进行修复的平湖浮游动物体长均主要分布在0到0.2mm之间,体长大于0.6mm的分布比例示范区的是未修复平湖的两倍,浮游动物的生物量二者差别不大。