层次分析法在工业污水处理厂收水体制选择中的应用

该文基于适应于工业污水处理厂(工业废水量≥50%)的收水体制,利用层次分析法(AHP)建立4层14指标2方案的综合评价体系,并通过构造判断矩阵及一致性检验得到各指标的权重值。在此基础上,利用专家打分法建立指标评价标准和量化方法,并选择采用合流制和分流制收水体制的工业污水处理厂各8家,分别建立来水复杂程度、处理效果和投资费用之间的相关函数,从而为通过来水复杂程度选择收水体制提供理论依据和实践指导。     

城市环境总体规划视野下的生态环境功能区划——以江苏省泰州市为例

以江苏省泰州市为例,确立生态环境功能与区域发展功能相互关联、协同推进的研究思路,构建表征生态环境功能贡献水平与区域发展需求相融合的评价指标体系。利用GIS空间叠加与聚类分析,分别得出3类指标、5个等级的空间地域差异评价结果,通过三维魔法矩阵分类法进行综合分区,将泰州市划分3种生态环境功能类型区,根据各类功能区现状及发展趋势,提出相应的生态保护与管控措施。     

Transmission Functions and its application to the analysis of time uncertainties in Protection Engineering

In this paper we explore the concept of transmission Functions and its application to the resolution of the problem posed by the uncertainty in the time to take manual protective actions due for instance to different operator abilities. This time uncertainty is a very special kind of uncertainty with obvious relevance in Protection Engineering problems. Tackling it involves a large amount of simulations of transients associated to sequences of system transitions, resulting from those actions, where the only difference from one simulation to another is the time interval between transitions, the evolution laws being always the same. In order to solve such type of problems, a new formalism is proposed based on the concept of transmission Function. We prove that for a large class of Multiple Input–Multiple Output (MIMO) piecewise linear systems, the output may be obtained as additive contributions of each interval of the sequence, each one characterized via a Transmission Function. We then provide efficient methods to compute Transmission Functions of sequences of canonical Single Input-Single Output (SISO) piecewise systems, and to find the locus of protective action times that lead to damage (damage domain).     

What can we learn from benefit transfer errors? Evidence from 20 years of research on convergent validity

We develop a nonparametric approach to meta-analysis and use it to identify modeling decisions that affect benefit transfer errors. The meta-data describe the results from 31 empirical studies testing the convergent validity of benefit transfers. They evaluated numerous methodological procedures, collectively reporting 1071 transfer errors. Our meta-regressions identify several important findings, including: (1) the median absolute error is 39%; (2) function transfers outperform value transfers; (3) transfers describing environmental quantity generate lower transfer errors than transfers describing quality changes; (4) geographic site similarity is important for value transfers; (5) contingent valuation generates lower transfer errors than other valuation methods; and (6) combining data from multiple studies tends to reduce transfer errors.     

Ground influence on high-pressure methane jets: Practical tools for risk assessment

High-pressure gaseous methane release is a relevant safety-related problem mainly in the Oil and Gas industry. As well documented, the reason for these safety concerns is connected with the severe consequences of the domino effect subsequent to the possible ignition. In risk assessment activities, estimation of the damage area is of primary importance in order to draw up proper safety guidelines. To do this, loss prevention specialists use quick and well-established numerical tools (i.e., integral models) in their daily activities. However, the presence of an obstacle in the flow field of the jet (e.g., the ground) is a more probable situation to deal with. It is known that integral models fail in this kind of scenario, leading to unreliable predictions. Hence, the present work investigates how an industrial ground surface influences the LFL cloud size of a horizontal high-pressure methane jet. An innovative quick procedure is proposed allowing to determine the height below which the ground begins to influence the LFL cloud size and the extent of such influence. Therefore, this procedure allows practitioners to establish when integral models can be used and when not to use them, and also provides a simple and reliable alternative to their use. These analytical instruments are derived from an extensive computational fluid dynamics analysis performed with Ansys Fluent 19.0.     

生态城市评价中的RBF神经网络模型--以厦门市为例

生态城市的定量化评价尚处于探索阶段,存在缺陷与不足,有待于进一步研究。本文将径向基函数(RBF)神经网络应用于生态城市评价,并在MATLAB环境下将其程序化,不但简化了评价过程,而且提高了定量评价的精度和综合性,充分体现了各因子相互作用对城市生态系统的综合效应。以此为基础,对厦门市生态化程度进行了综合评价,并对课题组在厦门市生态城市概念性规划中所作的指标目标值进行了分析,明确了相应年份规划目标值的生态化程度。若将城市历年指标值进行规范化处理。通过RBF神经网络进行定量评价,可分析城市的发展轨迹,为生态城市建设提供科学依据和决策支持。     

经验正交函数方法和TRMM数据对长江流域降水模式与极端水文过程的研究

气候变化加剧了极端天气和水文事件的发生，降水是区域干旱与洪水事件最直接驱动因素。以TRMM/PR月累积降水反演遥感数据为基础，利用经验正交函数EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function）方法对长江流域降水时空变化模式进行提取，并对比分析了主要模式振幅强弱与极端水文事件的对应关系。结果表明在流域尺度上EOF方法及TRMM/PR数据可以较好地识别降水主要模式，通过时空尺度变换成功揭示主要降水模式强弱与流域极端水文事件的对应关系。鉴于日益丰富的巨量水文气象时空数据，EOF方法在模式提取、水文模拟、极端事件预估及灾害适应性研究等方面具有应用潜力     

清河流域水生态维持功能评估

利用野外样点调查数据、遥感解译数据和多年降水监测数据,从生物多样性维持功能、生境维持功能和水资源支持功能3个方面对2011年清河流域水生态维持功能进行评估,为"十二五"期间水专项在清河流域开展水环境管理技术实施示范效果评估奠定基础。结果表明:2011年清河流域生物多样性维持功能和生境维持功能较好,而水资源支持功能较差。建议通过开展生态保护工程增加植被覆盖度,增强水资源支持功能和水土保持能力。     

企业在发展循环经济中的地位和作用

发展循环经济已成为世界性的潮流,不仅在发达国家篷勃兴起,在我国也摆到了党和国家的重要日程,大力发展循环经济已成为我国的当务之急。政府各有关部门正在制定发展循环经济的规划,许多省、市也在积极进行循环经济的试点,而企业在发展循环经济中则起着至关重要的作用。