生态系统自调节机制理论探究

平衡或稳态是生物的重要特性。自调节机制是维持生态系统平衡,呈现稳态特性的内在运行机制。指生物个体自我适应环境变化,维持自身机体平衡,永保旺盛生命活力的构造、功能及其相互关系。自调节机制的平衡、稳定、激活、自新功能,决定了它具有适应、生存、共生、自生等作用。     

煤矿区土地修复的生态系统服务功能改善研究

采用3S技术,对我国典型的煤炭资源枯竭型城市石嘴山市煤炭开采区的生态修复前后的生态系统服务进行了分析。采用2001年与2011年两期LandsatETM和TM遥感影像图的人工解译与变化监测,分析了煤矿区的土地利用覆盖变化。并通过建立响应的评价指标体系,对其成功的治理煤矸石山,改造塌陷区,建立煤矿地质公园,将塌陷区改善为生态湿地等活动的生态系统服务功能变化进行了全面定量化评价。研究表明,通过10年的土地修复,采矿迹地的生态恢复能够提高其生态系统服务功能10倍左右,尤其是环境美学功能受到社会广泛认同。     

Development of pedestrian- and vehicle-related safety performance functions using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical models with mode-specific covariates

Introduction: Pedestrian safety is a major concern as traffic crashes are the leading cause of fatalities and injuries for commuters. Traffic safety research in the past has developed various strategies to counteract traffic crashes, including the safety performance function (SPF). However, there is still a need for research dedicated to enhancing the SPF for pedestrians from perspectives of methodological framework and data input. To fill this gap, this study aims to add to the current SPF development practice literature by focusing on pedestrian-involved collisions, while considering the typical vehicle ones as well. Methods: First, bivariate models are used to account for the common unobserved heterogeneity shared by the pedestrian- and vehicle-related crashes at the same intersections. Second, variable importance ranking technique is used, along with correlation analysis, to determine mode-specific feature input. Third, the exposure information for both modes, annual pedestrian count, and annual daily vehicles traveled are used for model development. Fourth, a recent Bayesian inference approach (integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA)) was adopted for bivariate setting. Finally, different evaluation criteria are used to facilitate comprehensive model assessment. Results: The results reveal different statistically significant factors contributing to each of the modes. The offset intersection provides better safety performance for both pedestrians and drivers as compared to other intersection designs. The model findings also corroborate the sensibility of using the bivariate models, rather than the separate univariate ones. Practical Applications: The study shows that pedestrians are more vulnerable to various intersection features such as left-turn channelization, intersection control, urban and rural population group, presence of signal mastarm on the cross-street, and mainline average daily traffic. Greater focus should be directed toward such intersection features to improve pedestrian safety.     

浅谈如何提升辽河博物馆的环保教育功能

辽河博物馆是建设生态文明的教育、研究基地,是珍藏辽河历史、展示辽河未来的重要载体。辽河博物馆环保内涵丰富,可以通过提升讲解水平、开展多种环保主题活动、加强学术研究等途径来增强自身特色,进一步提升环保教育功能。     

冲击响应谱时域合成算法研究

为利用电动振动台进行模拟冲击环境试验给出了一种时域冲击波形合成方法.依据冲击响应谱时域合成的一般原则,选择合成小波中的正弦窗波作为基本波形,给出了确定各基本波形的波形参数的方法.计算结果表明本文所提算法是有效的,所合成的时域冲击波形能够满足参考冲击响应谱的精度要求,为开发冲击谱试验的控制软件研究者提供了一种思路.     

环境监理在海洋环境保护中的作用

阐述了开展海洋环境监理工作意义，论述了海洋环境监理的任务介绍了本地区开展海洋环境监理工作的经验。     

噪声功能区划中一类,二类混合区域的划定方法研究

根据灰色系统理论,通过灰色聚类的方法判定噪声功能区中的一类、二类混合区。判定结果与实际情况具有较高吻合度。     

试论灌草在水土保持林中的作用

多年的生产实践和调查研究发现:水保林中的灌草对改良土壤、提高肥力、截持径流、保水保土等都有重要作用,因此在生态建设中要实行保护原有灌草植被、乔灌草混交等有利于保持水土、提高土地产出率的技术措施,使灌草的生态作用充分发挥出来。     

湿地资源的功能类型及其开发与保护

简介了湿地的定义及其分类,并全面概括了湿地的功能类型和保护的意义,指出了中国湿地的现状及开发利用中的生态环境问题,并提出相应的保护对策。     

江苏省排污申报登记管理信息系统的研制

排污申报登记信息系统的研制和推广，对江苏省环境管理和规划的现代化、环境信息系统建设的进程具有很大的推动作用；环境管理不断面临新的问题、产生新的需求，促使申报系统更加完善，功能更加丰富。详细介绍申报系统的开发背景、开发环境及主要功能。