低温试验能力验证中的不确定度分析评估

本文简述电气领域如何评定测量不确定度过程，并结合CNAS T0346低温试验能力验证计划，识别和具体分析低温试验中各测量不确定度的来源，对各种影响因素进行评价，论述人、机、料、法、环、测各环节对测量结果的影响，给出了低温试验测量结果不确定度的评估过程。     

Odor Control for Land Application of Lime Stabilized Biosolids

Over three million dry metric tons of biosolids produced in the United States are land applied as Class B. Lime stabilization is employed for biosolids treatment at approximately 20% of the wastewater treatment plants because it is a simple and inexpensive process. During lime stabilization, the pH of sewage sludge is raised above 12 for pathogen inactivation and odor reduction. Lime dose and mixing have been found to greatly reduce odor generation from lime stabilized biosolids. A better quality biosolids product is less likely to create public opposition to land application programs. In this study, land application tests using Class B biosolids were conducted in order to determine whether better mixing can reduce odor generation during the land application of lime stabilized biosolids. The mixing quality of a treatment plant’s lime stabilized biosolids was improved by relocating the lime addition point, which prolonged the mixing time and produced a better mixed biosolids product. Based on field observations of land application, the poorly mixed biosolids were more odorous and offensive prior to incorporation. However, once incorporated into the soil, there was no appreciable odor difference between the biosolids. Another land application study was conducted to assess the odor of unincorporated Class A biosolids and compare it with incorporated Class A biosolids with the soil.     

黄孢原毛平革菌处理染料废水过程中细胞结构损伤效应研究

利用透射电子显微镜观察分析白腐真菌(黄孢原毛平革菌)在处理染料废水活性艳红X-3B过程中,染料和盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌的细胞结构产生的毒性作用.结果表明:活性艳红X-3B染料对黄孢原毛平革菌产生生物毒性作用,且随着染料浓度的增加,细胞受损伤程度不断加深.加入100 mg/L的染料活性艳红X-3B后,黄孢原毛平革菌菌丝细胞形态发生变化,出现质壁分离现象;染料浓度进一步加大,菌丝细胞超微结构受到损伤逐渐严重.染料废水中的盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞也会造成损伤,且损伤程度随盐度增大而增大.NaCl浓度为3 g/L时,菌丝细胞发生质壁分离;而当NaCl加入量高于8 g/L时,细胞膜受损,线粒体、细胞核呈现空泡化,表现为受到不可逆的损伤.染料和盐双因子对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞的损伤效应表现为其损伤程度与单因子作用一致,且染料的影响作用占主导.     

R&D prospects in the mining and metals industry

The mining and metals industry is considered more-or-less technology mature as it spends less than 1% of its revenues on R&D. In the period 2003-2008, that sector saw a very significant increase in profitability. Yet, during the same period, mining and metals companies continued to trim R&D spending, a trend that started in the early 1980s. In the near future the mining and metals industry will face significant challenges including an increased demand from the developing world counterbalanced by an overall trend to lower ore grades and with high pressure to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. To overcome these challenges, the mining and metals industry will likely face the need to considerably increase its R&D efforts. As the world enters a period of economic uncertainty, the sector will need to revise its approach towards R&D, reconsider its position against collaborative research with academia and other institutions, and be more creative when it comes to R&D funding.     

改性阴极生物电芬顿系统降解罗丹明B

分别采用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（OATC）和磷酸改性电极并负载铁涂覆在碳布表面,制得Fe/OC-OATC电极和Fe/PC电极用于构建生物电芬顿系统,提高电芬顿技术中H₂O₂的原位生产能力,达到高效降解印染废水的目的.通过极化曲线、功率密度曲线以及循环伏安曲线对2种复合电极的电化学性质进行分析,结果表明,Fe/OC-OATC的电流密度、最大功率密度以及氧还原能力等均优于Fe/PC,最大功率密度为4.89W/m³,相应的电流密度可达22.9A/m³.然后探究了2种复合电极构建的生物电芬顿系统对罗丹明B的降解效果,结果显示,Fe/OC-OATC体系﹥ Fe/PC体系,Fe/OC-OATC体系对罗丹明B的去除率最高达96.4%.最后根据动力学分析和反应机理的研究,分析了2种系统对罗丹明B的降解机理.     

Bi-FeC2O4复合催化剂活化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法将Bi单质附着于草酸亚铁（FeO_x）上,制备了系列Bi-FeOx复合催化剂并用于活化过硫酸盐.通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等表征方法对复合催化剂的结构、形貌和元素价态进行表征.以罗丹明B（RhB）为降解对象,研究了Bi-FeOx/过硫酸盐/可见光体系中Bi单质含量、催化剂投加量、pH及过硫酸盐浓度等因素对RhB的降解影响.在最佳条件下,反应5 min后,RhB的降解率高达99.8%.Bi的引入,使得复合催化剂增强了对可见光的吸收,提高了光生电子的传输效率,从而加速了对RhB的降解.     

三维有机LDH的制备及其对有机物的普适性吸附

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为软模板剂,制得有机三维花状层状双金属氢氧化物(3D-SLDH).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和N₂吸附-脱附等表征手段对3D-SLDH的结构进行表征,确定最佳合成尿素浓度,并通过静态吸附实验考察了3D-SLDH对金橙Ⅱ(AO7)、罗丹明(RhB)以及萘(NAP)的吸附性能.结果表明,室温下,3D-SLDH对AO7、RhB和NAP的吸附容量分别为454.9,46.8和43.7mg/g,表明其对有机物的吸附具有普适性.3D-SLDH对AO7、RhB和NAP吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型,对AO7和RhB的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,而对NAP的等温吸附行为符合partition-adsorption模型.升温有利于3D-SLDH对AO7和RhB的去除,不利于对NAP的去除.此外,结合反应前后固样XRD,FT-IR和XPS分析,可知3D-SLDH对AO7的去除机制主要是层间离子交换作用,对RhB的去除机制主要是疏水及表面吸附作用,而对NAP的去除机制主要为分配作用.     

Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B by magnetically recoverable Fe3O4-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides via activating peroxymonosulfate

Environment-friendly nano-catalysts capable of activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have received increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, traditional nano-catalysts are generally well dispersed and difficult to be separated from reaction system, so it is particularly important to develop nano-catalysts with both good catalytic activity and excellent recycling efficiency. In this work, magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides (Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs) was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and initially applied to activate PMS for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to characterize morphology, structure, specific surface area and magnetism. In addition, the effects of several key parameters were evaluated. The Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs exhibited high catalytic activity, and RhB degradation efficiency could reach 100% within 20 min by adding 0.2 g/L of catalyst and 1 mmol/L of PMS into 50 mg/L of RhB solution under a wide pH condition (3.0-7.0). Notably, the Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs showed good super-paramagnetism and excellent stability, which could be effectively and quickly recovered under magnetic condition, and the degradation efficiency after ten cycles could still maintain 98.95%. Both radicals quenching tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified both HO? and SO₄^?? were involved and SO₄^?? played a dominant role on the RhB degradation. Finally, the chemical states of the sample's surface elements were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the possible activation mechanism in Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs/PMS system was proposed according to comprehensive analysis.     

基于线切割 3B编程CAI软件的探讨

利用VB语言作为编程工具,探讨了开发线切割3B格式自动编程软件的过程.通过该软件,可以直观显示线切割加工的轨迹图及其3B程序.     

人工神经网络在水环境质量评价中的应用

为了将人工神经网络应用于水环境质量评价，应用了人工神经网络Ｂ—Ｐ算法，构造了水环境质量评价模型，该模型应用于实例评价结果表明，人工神经网络用于环境质量评价具有客观性，通用性和实用性。