膨润土中气溶胶泄漏行为研究

气溶胶泄漏问题是各种放射性实验过程和放射性物质储存、运输过程中普遍存在的问题 ,膨润土和砂则是常用的高放处置回填材料。工作中建立了层剖取样、微波浸提、ICP AES分析的气溶胶泄漏研究方法 ,来评估膨润土和砂对气溶胶的封堵性能。结果表明 :膨润土层的透过率远小于砂层。此外 ,对膨润土和砂 ,透过率与其气体渗透系数有一定的正相关性。     

An experimental set up of a PAH vapour generator and its use to test an annular denuder

The aim of this work is to develop and test a dynamic gas generator for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC). A single compound, naphthalene, is used as a surrogate PAH to test the system. The dynamic generation of PAH is based on the permeation technique [Analyst 106 (1981) 817; Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 38 (1977) 712]. Monitoring the temperature and measuring the mass of PAH present in the permeation chamber every 48 h gives a direct measurement of the sublimation rate of the PAH. Knowing the flow rate, gives an accurate value of the concentration of PAH from the generator. It was found stable over a period of time under constant operating conditions. This concentration is diluted down to between 0.3 and 30 ppbv by a controlled flow of pure air. The diluting airflow is a mixture of dry and wet air, making it possible to control the relative humidity of the flow from the generator as well as its concentration in PAH. We used this generator to calibrate an annular denuder tube, based on the study by Gundel et al. [Atmos. Environ. 29 (1995) 1719]. Although this technique has been shown to be artefact-free for sampling gaseous PAH [Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 9 (1996) 67; Atmos. Environ. 28 (1994) 3083], its trapping efficiency still depends on environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity and sampling duration). Accordingly, we used our generator to calibrate a single annular denuder under controlled conditions (T degrees C, HR%, CPAH, sampling duration). The trapping efficiency of the denuder was calculated by two independent methods. Firstly, by comparing the amount trapped on a denuder with the measured mass sublimated in the generator. Secondly, by putting two denuders in series and comparing the mass collected on the first and the second tube. These two methods gave similar results, within the 10% relative uncertainties of both methods. The first results obtained show that, in environmental conditions, the efficiency ranges between 90 and 100%.     

氢化物原子吸收分光光度法测定水中的汞

在原402－A原子吸收分光光度计配以流动注射氢化物发生器，对水中汞进行测定，其灵敏度、精密度、准确度均有提高。     

气浮中离子气团的应用

文章简介了离子气团产生的原理,离子气流发生器的工作原理及离子气团在水处理技术气浮中的应用.     

蓄热式高温带压蒸汽发生器设计

介绍了自制蓄热式高温带压蒸汽发生器的工作原理及运行过程，对炉体结构进行了设计计算，设计并计算了保温层的厚度，通过部分热态实验，验证了高温带压蒸汽发生器设计的合理性和系统运行的可靠性。试验结果表明，经过高温带压蒸汽发生器蓄热室的换热，可以生产出压力在0.2～0.4 MPa、温度在650℃以上的高温过热水蒸气。从而说明系统的整体设计能满足要求。     

泡沫除尘技术的研究与应用

分析了泡沫除尘机理和泡沫除尘剂配方的要求，通过相似模型实验研究确定了泡沫发生器的结构和性能。研究表明，在给定发泡网材质形状和喷雾方式下，有一个最优的发泡网风速、供液量和泡沫液浓度。泡沫除尘技术在实际中其应用范围很广，对呼吸性粉尘除尘效率高     

煤气发生炉在工业炉窑烟气治理中的应用

文章介绍了煤气发生炉在工业炉窑烟气治理中的应用，从减少环境污染和节能降耗两个方面客观实际地分析了不同的煤气发生炉在各种窑炉应用中的特点，对典型性和普遍性的内容予以概括，希望起到抛砖引玉的作用，以利用工业炉窑烟气治理工程的开展。     

Development of a field well head safety system for use with radiation generating devices

This paper discusses the design, testing and application of a new interlock system for field use with neutron generating bore hole probes at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Such probes produce 14 MeV neutrons at a yield up to 3×10⁸ neutrons/s, and present an ionizing radiation hazard to personnel particularly when operated in an unshielded configuration. This interlock system prevents personnel from being exposed to the relatively high radiation fields caused by an unsafe condition when an operating neutron generator probe is withdrawn from a well in the ground. An electromechanical interlock prototype system has been designed, built and tested, and has been found to be effective at preventing this event. The design is simple, is effective in mitigating the hazard, and can be installed in minutes. The system could be modified to interlock radiation-generating devices other than neutron generators that are used in similar environments.     

爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载上的电特性分析

为了研究爆炸磁频率发生器在阻性负载情况下的能量累积和电流变化情况,从电路模型入手对直接向阻性负载馈电和通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电两种情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,在直接馈电的情况下既无法得到电流放大也无法得到有效的能量累积,而通过脉冲变压器耦合馈电可以得到有效的能量累积。     

射频爆磁压缩发生器能量转换效率的提高方法

爆炸产生的化学能转换为电磁能的效率的高低直接影响射频爆磁压缩发生器系统的工作性能。根据射频爆磁压缩发生器的电磁脉冲产生原理,对提高射频爆磁压缩发生器电磁能转换效率的方法进行了综述。指出定子线圈锥形指数螺距绕制可以有效地降低系统欧姆损耗,电流最大时刻起爆可以获得最大初始压缩磁通,轴线方式起爆能够压缩系统工作时间、提高输出脉冲频率。通过数值法求解射频爆磁压缩发生器等效电路方程,对电流最大时刻起爆、轴线起爆方式输出电流脉冲进行了数值模拟。分析表明,所述方法均可有效提高射频爆磁压缩发生器的能量转换效率。