离子选择电极法与离子色谱法测定生活饮用水中氟化物的比较

为比较离子选择电极法和离子色谱法测定水中氟化物是否存在显著性差异,分别使用两种方法测定了永州市两个集中式生活饮用水水源地的地表水中含氟量。并采用SPSS13.0软件对两种方法测定结果进行了统计检验。其检验结果显示,两种方法的精密度、准确度和测定结果无显著性差异,均可作为测定生活饮用水中氟含量的方法。     

己内酰胺-四丁基溴化铵类离子液体吸收SO2效率的研究

采用己内酰胺-四丁基溴化铵为原料,按摩尔配比为2∶1配制成[CPL][TBAB]类离子液体,制备的离子液体与乙醇溶液按体积比为1.5∶1混合以降低其粘度,利用筛板塔进行吸收实验,考察最佳吸收条件及最大吸收效率。结果表明,在实验条件下,最大的吸收效率条件为:离子液体的流量为60 L/h,SO2的流量为0.2 L/min,SO2为30℃,最大吸收效率为47.6%。     

水田土壤对铜离子吸附性能的试验研究

采用恒温振荡平衡法研究了乐山市某一水田土壤和未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附特性。结果表明:溶液的pH值越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;铜标准溶液的初始浓度越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;土壤含腐殖酸越多,对铜离子的吸附能力越强;水田土壤比未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附能力更强;用Freundlish方程来描述各种土壤对铜离子的吸附特性均得到了较好的相关性。     

咪唑型离子液体对小鼠的急性毒性

采用寇氏改良法研究了咪唑型离子液体对小鼠的急性毒性,并考察了烷基侧链长度对其毒性的影响,同时采用HE染色法观察了其对小鼠肝脏的毒性.结果表明,4种咪唑型离子液体([C10mim]Br、[C12mim]Br、[C14mim]Br和[C18mim]Br)对小鼠肝脏均有损伤,其LD50值在98.91～220.16 mg·kg...     

V_2O_5-TiO_2离子存储电极薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与性能研究

利用无机溶胶-凝胶技术制备了V2O5-（TiO2）x离子存储电极薄膜。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、Raman光谱、循环伏安法（CV）和紫外-可见光透射光谱分别研究了复合薄膜的微观结构、化学计量、锂离子注入性能以及光学性能。结果表明复合薄膜具有V2O5的层状结构,其c轴方向的结构取向性有所降低;颗粒尺寸和表面粗糙度显著减小;同时TiO2的复合导致薄膜中V2O5的化学计量发生偏移,氧空位数量增多。当x=0.2时,薄膜具有相对较高的离子存储容量及循环稳定性,并且在离子注入/脱出状态均获得相当高的可见光透过性。     

pH值和离子对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上吸附特征的影响

根据OECD Guideline 106批平衡实验,研究了pH值、Ca2+浓度和离子类型对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上吸附特征的影响.结果表明,吸附系数(Kd)随着pH值的增大有先增加后减小的趋势,在pH 4.0和pH 6.0时吸附系数较大.红外光谱表明,pH 3.0有利于诺氟沙星和胡敏酸形成氢键; pH6.0和7.0时胡敏酸的羧基可能与诺氟沙星的氨基形成了肽键.诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附量和Kd值随着溶液中Ca2+离子浓度的增加而逐渐减小,表明两者之间存在阳离子吸附和竞争吸附.不同类型的阳离子和阴离子的加入都能导致诺氟沙星在胡敏酸的吸附特性存在差异.阳离子的影响趋势主要为价态的影响,即价态越高,在胡敏酸表面吸附位点的吸附能力就越强,对诺氟沙星吸附阻碍作用越显著,表现在诺氟沙星的最大吸附量(Qm)为:M+ (Na+、K+、NH4+) >M2+ (Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+);其次受阳离子的离子半径和水解作用的影响.而只有能水解的阴离子才能对诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附产生明显的阻碍作用.     

北京城区大气干沉降的水溶性离子特征

为了解北京城区大气干沉降中水溶性离子的化学组成与时间变化特征,连续进行了4年多的干沉降采样与分析.结果表明,在222个有效干沉降样品中,存在不同程度的阴离子缺失. SO42-与Ca2+分别是含量最丰富的阴、阳离子组分,其次是NO3-和NH4+. SO42-、NO3-和NH4+呈现相似的季节变化特征,即其浓度在夏季最高,冬季最低. 干沉降基本呈中性,其pH值月变化幅度小,但季节变化明显,夏季低而春季高.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

Effects of metal cations on sorption-desorption of p-nitrophenol onto wheat ash

The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however, this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash.