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61.
Kaserzon SL Kennedy K Hawker DW Holling N Escher BI Booij K Mueller JF 《Chemosphere》2011,84(4):497-503
N-Nitrosamines such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) are organic compounds of environmental concern in groundwater, wastewater and potable water due to their potent carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies and probable human carcinogenicity. While passive sampling techniques have become a widely used tool for providing time-averaged estimates of trace pollutant concentration, for chemicals such as NDMA that have relatively high water solubility, the selection of a suitable sorbent is difficult. This work is a proof of principle study that investigated for the first time the use of coconut charcoal as a passive sampler sorbent. Apparent charcoal/water sorption coefficients for NDMA were >551 mL g−1 at environmentally relevant aqueous concentrations of less than 1 μg L−1. Under the experimental conditions employed, a sampling rate of 0.45 L d−1 was determined and for an aqueous concentration of 1000 ng L−1, it is predicted that the sampler remains in the linear uptake stage for approximately 4 d, while equilibrium attainment would require about 26 d. The presence of humic acid, used as a surrogate for DOC, enhanced NDMA sorption on the coconut charcoal. 相似文献
62.
分离到1株吡啶降解菌——脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans W12),将其附着生长于颗粒活性竹炭(ABC)制备成生物活性竹炭(BABC),分别以游离菌和固着菌开展对水中吡啶的去除实验.结果表明,0.31g·L-1游离态W12菌可在26.5~48.9h内将48.70~1399mg·L-1的吡啶完全降解;附着于ABC的W12菌不仅保持其降解能力,而且BABC通过吸附与降解的协同作用更高效地去除吡啶,当温度为35℃,BABC投加量为10.0g·L-1时,692.2mg·L-1的吡啶在前3.6h主要通过吸附作用降低52%,其后主要通过生物降解作用至23.7h被基本去除,随着BABC投加量和处理批次的增加,吡啶去除效率显著提高.研究进一步从微观结构上对BABC去除水中吡啶的协同作用机制进行了探讨. 相似文献
63.
ESTROM—a Romanian–Swiss research programme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hua L Wu W Liu Y McBride MB Chen Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(1):1-9
Background, aim, and scope Composting is an effective treatment process to realize sludge land application. However, nitrogen loss could result in the
reduction of nutrient value of the compost products and the stabilization effect of composting on heavy metal concentration
and mobility in sludge has been shown to be very limited.
Materials and methods Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal (BC) on nitrogen conservation
and mobility of Cu and Zn during sludge composting.
Results The result indicated that the incorporation of BC into the sludge composting material could significantly reduce nitrogen
loss. With 9% BC amendment, total nitrogen loss at the end of composting decreased 64.1% compared with no BC amendment (control
treatment). Mobility of Cu and Zn in the sludge may also have been lessened, based on the decline in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid-extractable Cu and Zn contents of composted sludge by 44.4% and 19.3%, respectively, compared to metal extractability
in the original material.
Discussion Ammonia adsorption capability of BC might be the main reason for the retention of nitrogen in sludge composting materials.
Decrease of extractable Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the composting material mainly resulted from the adsorption of both metals by BC.
Conclusions Incorporation of BC into composting material could significantly lessen the total nitrogen loss during sludge composting.
Mobility of heavy metals in the sludge composting material could also be reduced by the addition of BC.
Recommendations and perspectives Bamboo charcoal could be an effective amendment for nitrogen conservation and heavy metal stabilization in sludge composts.
Further research into the effect of BC-amended sludge compost material on soil properties, bioavailability of heavy metals,
and nutrient turnover in soil needs to be carried out prior to the application of BC-sludge compost in agriculture. 相似文献
64.
采用盆栽实验考察了湖泊疏浚底泥和河道疏浚底泥不同利用方式下对土壤基底性质的改良进而促进水生植物芦苇快速定植扩繁效果.试验结果表明,湖泊底泥在竹炭改良利用方式下(L-A实验组)可提高芦苇单位面积分蘖数增长率,最高可达(3.06±0.36) m~(-2)·d~(-1),在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(L-M实验组)可提高芦苇株高,最高达(155.5±0.7) cm;而河道底泥在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(R-M实验组)芦苇的单位面积分蘖数增长率和株高效果最优,分别可达(4.76±0.18) m~(-2)·d~(-1)和(139.5±3.5) cm.分析原因发现,施加底泥可以明显降低土壤容重,并提高有机质和磷含量,从而促进芦苇分蘖数增长率的提高.基底微生物群落多样性和群落中Micrococcaceae(微球菌)的丰度也显著提高,进一步证实了施加底泥可以改良基底理化性质从而促进芦苇快速定植. 相似文献
65.
Use of adjuvants to minimize leaching of herbicides in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Excessive leaching of herbicides affects their efficacy against target weeds and results in contamination of groundwater.
Use of adjuvants that can weakly bind herbicides and in turn release them slowly is a valuable technique to prolong the efficacy
of herbicides and to minimize their leaching into groundwater. Effects of activated charcoal, three humic substances (Enersol
SP 85%, Enersol 12%, and Agroliz), or a synthetic polymer (Hydrosorb) on the leaching of bromacil, dicamba, and simazine were
investigated in leaching columns using a Candler fine sand (Typic Quartzipsamment). The addition of adjuvants had no harmful
effects on physical properties of the soil as evident from lack of its affects on water percolation. When no adjuvants were
used, 69%, 37%, and 4% of applied dicamba, bromacil, and simazine, respectively, were leached in the first pore volume of
leachate (⋍3.2 cm rainfall). With five pore volumes of leachate (⋍16 cm rainfall), bromacil and dicamba were leached completely
and only 80% of simazine was leached. Using Enersol 12% adjuvant resulted in a 13%–18% reduction in leaching of dicamba and
bromacil in five pore volumes of leachate. The leaching of simazine was significantly decreased when any of the five adjuvants
mentioned above were used. However, the decrease in leaching was significantly greater when using Enersol SP 85% or Enersol
12% (24%–28%) than when using the other adjuvants (12%–16%). 相似文献
66.
67.
Punning J.-M. Toff T. Tann R. Lukki T. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1997,2(1):1-17
The study focused on the problem of the response and adaptation of an ecosystem to natural fire in case of greenhouse warming.
The palaeoecological approach was used and reconstructions were made for timeca 6000 years ago, when the human impact in the studied area was absent or very weak and the summer temperatures were about
2.4 degrees higher than at the present time. The palaeoreconstructions were compliled using the charcoal, pollen and diatoms
data from the sediments of a northeast Estonian lake. The results show that forest fires influenced the biota of the lake
mainly through evapotranspiration and the accompanying erosional changes. The impacts of the fire directly to the lake ecosystem
were short-term and the primary diatom association was restored after 10–15 years. The pollen influx was influenced by the
fires mainly through the changes in the openness of the landscape and the composition of the pollen spectra was restored over
a period of 50–60 years. The data demonstrate the high ability of the studied ecosystem to adapt to the impact of natural
fires in the climatic environment comparable with that predicted for the future. 相似文献
68.
Hangjun Zhang Guoying Zhu Xiuying Ji Ying Ding Mi Zhang Qing Gao Ciming Hu Shuying Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(12):1983-1988
The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water. 相似文献
69.
70.