Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

几种水合金属氧化物的磷酸根吸附性能

利用简单的碱沉淀法制备不同的水合金属氧化物,并对所得七种水合金属氧化物的磷酸根吸附等温线进行了系统的探讨比较.研究表明,25℃条件下,Al、Fe、Ni、Cu和Ce的水合金属氧化物对磷酸根的吸附最符合Langmuir线性吸附方程,而水合氧化锌和水合氧化钴吸附剂最符合线性等温线模型.所有这七种水合金属氧化物对磷酸根的吸附都...     

H2O2胁同三维电极法处理罗丹明B废水的研究

为了了解过氧化氢与三维电极的协同作用,以罗丹明B模拟废水进行了实验研究,探索了填料配比、外加电压、过氧化氢投加量、初始废水pH值、染料初始浓度等单因子对降解罗丹明B的影响,并通过正交试验研究各因素对该法处理罗丹明B模拟废水的效应.结果表明,过氧化氢与三维电极在处理罗丹明B模拟废水时具有明显的协同作用;外加电压=20v,...     

转运站垃圾渗滤液的深度处理及其荧光分析

采用电Fenton法对北京市某垃圾转运站垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理,运用三维荧光光谱技术对电Fenton法氧化前后溶解性有机物(DOM)的荧光特性进行了分析。结果表明,电Fenton法可使COD去除率达到88%以上,NH3-N及色度的去除率接近或等于100%。通过三维荧光特性的测定表明,电Fenton法对大分子的类富里酸有很好的去除效果。     

微囊藻毒素-LR的全内反射荧光免疫传感器研究

在开发全内反射荧光免疫传感器的基础上,研究水中微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的检测方法。建立了基于MC-LR平面波导免疫芯片的制备方法,并结合流动分析和荧光检测开发检测系统,针对MC-LR的免疫检测条件进行优化。结果表明,全内反射荧光免疫传感器对MC-LR抗体的检测限为0.001μg/mL;在间接竞争免疫检测模式下,最优检测条件是预反应时间5min、预反应温度37℃、进样停留时间500s;在最优检测条件下,对MC-LR的检测限为0.100μg/L,线性区间为0.200~4.000μg/L;全内反射荧光免疫传感器检测MC-LR的加标回收率均在100.0%±20.0%,平行测定的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

干式厌氧消化过程挥发酸对硫酸盐还原菌的影响

在牛粪干式厌氧消化过程中,通过添加不同挥发酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸),考察消化稳定阶段,挥发性脂肪酸的分布特征,挥发性脂肪酸酸组成变化对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的影响,微生物种群组成和种群间关系。实验结果表明,挥发性脂肪酸对SRB还原速率的贡献依次为:丙酸丁酸乙酸。相比乙酸和丁酸,添加一定量的丙酸,更有利于激活SRB的活性,从而加强SRB与产甲烷菌(MB)的种间协同,保证厌氧系统的稳定运行。     

优化的甘蔗皮渣吸附居室甲醛

为了研究优化后的甘蔗皮渣吸附居室中的甲醛,本研究通过3种方法处理材料进行吸附甲醛对比,得出简便高效的碱热烫处理,并针对其热烫时间(X1)、pH值(X2)、水浴锅温度(X3)和水浴时间(X4)设置正交实验,得出热烫时间30 min、pH=11、水浴锅温度80℃、水浴时间2.5 h,甘蔗皮渣对甲醛吸附率可达27.91%。通过与活性炭、硅藻纯吸附效果比较,经F检验得出优化处理甘蔗皮渣与硅藻纯吸附效果相当,均极显著优于活性炭。电镜观测出优化甘蔗皮渣与活性炭、硅藻纯同具粗糙、皱褶、疏松多孔结构;傅里叶红外光谱分析出C≡C等基团在甲醛吸附中起主要作用。