Structural alterations in compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster in response to sodium fluoride treatment

Sodium fluoride, used as a pesticide in agriculture, is also an ingredient of toothpastes which help to fight dental problems. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster, a non-target organism, is used to explore morphological changes in the adult compound eye as a function of exposure to fluoride at 20, 40, 80, 100 and 150 mg L^?1, using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental concentrations were much lower than the ones used in the studies of the British Association of Community Dentistry. Distinct morphological alterations in the eye of the treated insects revealed ommatidial ridges and disoriented mechanosensory bristles which were most prominent in the 40 and 80 mg L^?1 treatment groups. Since humans and Drosophila share homology in many genes that are involved in developmental pathways, the present findings raise concern on the use of sodium fluoride as a pesticide.     

基于激光引导的火灾人员疏散与应急救援系统

设计并开发了基于激光引导的火灾人员疏散与应急救援系统,该系统将程控激光指示与GIS技术相结合,通过探测器采集火场动态信息,针对火灾实际,生成安全迅速的疏散引导路线,解决了当前消防系统疏散标志设置混乱、易被误识别、引导效率低的缺陷,提高了现有消防引导疏散水平,对提高消防安全技术水平有较大的促进作用.     

管座焊缝内侧的相控阵超声自动检测

本文介绍应用相控阵技术结合配有编码动作的机械装置,对插入式管座焊缝从接管内侧用线阵探头进行超声检测的方法。建立实验模型,可为声柬全覆盖所必须考虑的物理参数,提供验证数据。建模和实测结果表明：利用声线跟踪法,扫查布置图（Scanplan）能提供所需覆盖范围的适当显示。当从接管内表面进行扫查时,用于引导探头扫查动作的机械装置往往可设计得减少复杂性。本文所述方法可望为承压设备结构较复杂的管座焊缝,实施超声相控阵检测（PAUT）符合ASME最新版要求提供有用借鉴。     

COMPARISON OF THERMAL SCANNING AND IN SITU TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING THERMAL DISCHARGES1

ABSTRACT: In situ and remote sensing techniques for measuring thermal plumes are compared for data taken at the Point Beach Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Michigan for five separate occasions. The in situ method employed a boat whose position was determined with a microwave ranging system. Temperatures at the surface and at various depths were measured with fast response thermistor probes. The remote sensing technique utilized an infrared scanner in the 8 to 14 micron range. Comparison of the plumes indicates good agreement with respect to plume configurations, areas within isotherms and centerline temperature decays for all except one occasion, a calm day characterized by no waves, low wind and ambient current velocities. Robable reasons for disagreement under such ambient conditions are discussed. The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in light of the results of the five sets of data. This includes both the data collecting and data analyzing procedures. It is concluded that judicious combination of both methods offers a better picture of thermal plumes than can be obtained by either technique alone.     

Visualization of the Malleability of the Rubber Core of Rubber Particles from Parthenium argentatum Gray and Other Rubber-Producing Species Under Extremely Cold Temperatures

Rubber particles from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule) were frozen in liquid nitrogen (–196°C), fractured, and visualized using cryo-scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the rubber polymer core of the rubber particles was still malleable at this extremely cold temperature, and the core stretched substantially during separation of the fracture planes. This malleability was observed in situ in tissue sections, as well as in purified rubber particles, and was found to be independent of purification procedure, guayule line, tissue age, or season. The malleability or stretching phenomenon suggests that P. argentatum rubber has some unique properties because rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. and Ficus elastica Roxb. were brittle at this temperature, fractured cleanly, or showed only tiny threads of material pulling out of the core.     

硝酸及氯离子对高温硝酸铵水溶液热危险性的影响研究

国内外学者对硝酸铵的危险性进行了大量的研究,而对其水溶液的危险性至今开展不多。笔者采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)对高温状态下的硝酸铵水溶液的热分解危险性、杂质离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。纯硝酸铵和90%硝酸铵水溶液的DSC实验表明,90%硝酸铵溶液和分析纯硝酸铵具有相似的热爆炸危险;90%硝酸铵水溶液在140~180℃之间的RC1e试验表明:硝酸或氯离子单独存在时,对硝酸铵分解都有不同程度的抑制作用,而同时存在时则大大降低体系的热稳定性。该结果对保障硝酸铵在生产、使用过程中的安全具有重要的参考价值。     

宣威肺癌高发区冬季室内PM_(10)的微观形貌特征

高浓度的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)会对人体多个系统产生损害,室内PM10是宣威肺癌的发生的重要影响因素。应用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和图像分析技术研究了宣威肺癌高发区虎头村2008年冬季取暖期室内可吸入颗粒物的形貌特征以及不同种类颗粒物的数量-粒度和体积-粒度分布。结果表明,在数量-粒度分布上,烟尘集合体、矿物颗粒在虎头村呈现呈双峰分布,主峰为0.1～0.6μm,燃煤飞灰虎头村PM10数量贡献最大,说明虎头村燃煤污染严重;自然来源的不规则状沙尘对虎头村PM10的数量贡献更大;体积-粒度分布基本上呈单峰分布,1～2.5μm的颗粒物对质量浓度贡献较大。     

利用邻苯二甲酸二甲酯培养好氧颗粒污泥研究

以活性污泥为接种污泥,葡萄糖为共代谢基质,通过控制有机负荷、污泥沉降时间,在序批式反应器(sequencing batchreactor,SBR)内培养得到具有邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)降解性能的好氧颗粒污泥.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥对DMP具有很好的去除效果,驯化75 d后,DMP与COD去除率分别达到92.3%与90.6%.好氧颗粒污泥降解DMP的中间产物为邻苯二甲酸单酯(monomethyl phthalate,MMP)和邻苯二甲酸(phthalic acid,PA).动力学研究表明,DMP降解过程符合haldane抑制模型,Vmax为643.2 mg.(g.h)-1,Ks和Ki分别171.0 mg.L-1和337.5 mg.L-1.电镜观察表明,颗粒污泥表面粗糙,微生物相丰富,含有丝状菌、球菌和短杆菌.     

供水管网不同管材内壁微生物分布的显微观察

采用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜以及激光共聚焦显微镜对不锈钢插片表面和供水管网末端PPR管内壁微生物的分布和生物膜结构进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在供水管网中,不锈钢材质表面不利于微生物附着生长,在短时间内(3个月)只有很少的微生物附着.在管网末端PPR管表面有明显的微生物附着生长,细菌容易附着在基底表面的凹穴中,细菌与基底是紧密黏附在一起的.扫描电镜和原子力显微镜结合是观察管壁非连续生长生物膜表面结构的有效手段.采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜可同时实现管壁生物膜内部和三维结构观察.     

Morphology of single inhalable particle inside public transit biodiesel fueled bus

In an urban-transit bus,fueled by biodiesel in Toledo,Ohio,single inhalable particle samples in October 2008 were collected and detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM/EDS).Particle size analysis found bimodal distribution at 0.2 and 0.5 μm.The particle morphology was characterized by 14 different shape clusters:square,pentagon,hexagon,heptagon,octagon,nonagon,decagon,agglomerate,sphere,triangle,oblong,strip,line or stick,and unknown,by quantitative order.The square particles were common in the samples.Round and triangle particles are more,and pentagon,hexagon,heptagon,octagon,nonagon,decagon,strip,line or sticks are less.Agglomerate particles were found in abundance.The surface of most particles was coarse with a fractal edge that can provide a suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment.The three sorts of surface patterns of squares were smooth,semi-smooth,and coarse.The three sorts of square surface patterns represented the morphological characteristics of single inhalable particles in the air inside the bus in Toledo.The size and shape distribution results were compared to those obtained for a bus using ultra low sulfur diesel.