维管束植物桂花树叶片对大气氮沉降的吸收研究

本文通过测定维管束植物桂花树叶片的氮含量和氮同位素组成,分析其对大气氮沉降的截留吸收机制。为期一年(2009.03～2010.03)的监测数据显示,桂花树叶片氮含量为1.33%～3.09%,平均值为2.18%;叶片δ15 N为+0.54‰～+3.78‰,均值为+2.29‰。桂花树叶片N%、δ15 N的季节性变化趋势,总体呈现春、冬高,夏、秋低的规律,这与已有的贵阳市雨水监测数据一致。对比不同树冠厚度的叶片样品,发现叶片N%随树冠厚度增加而降低,顶部叶片N%表现为最高(2.39±0.4%),说明桂花树的树冠层对大气氮沉降有明显的截留吸收作用。桂花树顶部叶片δ15 N最偏负,而上覆树冠层最厚的下方叶片的δ15 N最偏正,反映了树冠层在吸收大气氮沉降过程中存在选择性吸收,引起同位素分馏,即树冠层越厚,穿冠水δ15 N越偏正,且分馏程度与树冠厚度成正比,导致下方叶片δ15 N最高。     

N%理念下的全球保护地管护方案初探

栖息地破坏是全球生物多样性危机的重要诱因之一。虽然《生物多样性公约》与历届缔约方大会都较为关注保护地议题,但由于未能实现主流化,保护效果一直欠佳。本文基于满足人类理性需求的自然保护地比例(N%)这一理念,分析其在全球推广过程中可能遇到的科学与制度瓶颈,初步提出了基于科学研究的"自上而下"和国家自主承诺的"自下而上"相结合的全球保护地管护方案,以求在不同利益诉求的国家间凝聚共识,为2020年于昆明召开的COP15大会贡献智慧。     

法国梧桐叶片氮含量及氮同位素对城市大气湿沉降氮的响应研究

通过对贵阳市法国梧桐叶片为期1 a的监测(2009-03～2010-04),分析其叶片氮含量及氮同位素组成随季节变化的规律,并与同期湿沉降监测结果进行对比,探讨维管束植物叶片响应大气湿沉降氮的可能性.结果表明,法国梧桐叶片N%变化范围为1.48%～5.27%,均值为3.36%,根际土TN%为0.29%,叶片δ15N变化范围为4.48‰～8.39‰,均值为6.38‰.叶片N%与δ15N具有较好的相关性,随时间变化皆呈现春夏较高、秋季降低的趋势,冬季落叶,无监测数据.结合该采样点同期雨水监测数据,发现叶片N%与雨水中DIN浓度(0.57～6.74 mg.L-1)、叶片δ15N与雨水δ15NH4+-N呈现一致的变化规律,表明湿沉降氮是叶片吸收氮的一个重要来源,法国梧桐叶片指示大气N沉降量的变化成为可能.研究还发现法国梧桐叶片δ15N比其吸收氮的2个主要端元(根际土δ15TN:3.19‰±1.04‰,雨水δ15N-NH4+:-19.76‰～-10.41‰)都偏正,表明法国梧桐在吸收氮的过程中存在着较大的同位素分馏.     

Defining the balance point between conservation and development

In the face of the current global ecological crisis and the threats it poses to human survival and security, the fundamental solution is to resolve the deep contradiction between conservation and economic development. We considered the 3 key and basic questions of why to protect, how much to protect, and where to protect natural areas. Human survival depends on functioning ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide. In this regard, conserving core biodiversity conservation priority areas (BCPAs) can provide maximum conservation benefit. The goals of protected area (PA) systems globally and nationally must be clearly defined so as to sustain the survival and development of people and to coordinate and balance other objectives with this goal at the center. There is an urgent need to study, calculate, and define the extent of the natural world to ensure the well-being of people. We call this area over which natural areas of land and sea extend across the world or a country nature proportion (N%). Especially, a minimum area that ensures human survival should be protected, and we suggest that this area should cover core BCPAs so that it can achieve the maximum conservation benefit. These recommendations could be applied at global or national levels. The Chinese government proposes “developing a protected-area system composed mainly of national parks,” and it has unified the administration of PAs into a central management authority. At this key time in the reform of the PA system, should this proposal be adopted, conservation will garner the greatest social consensus and support, and planning at the national level for BCPA coverage will be improved. We believe these recommendations are critical for China and other countries and extremely important for the world because they will pave the way toward a balance between nature conservation and human development as the projected human population reaches 10 billion by 2050.