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1.
从动力地质作用原理探讨沙漠化成因 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大规模沙漠化从岩石记录中可以追溯到中生代中期,第四纪以来南北两半球各存在一条中纬度沙漠带,中国的沙漠化是这个全球沙漠化进程的一个组成部分。沙漠化是在地质演化过程中受内、外动力地质作用联合控制的地质事件。是岩石圈与大气圈、生物圈及水圈强烈作用在地壳表层形成的一种特殊地质现象。这种现象的形成与演化是漫长的和具有周期性的,不会因为局部的条件变化而发生整体意义上的突变。人类活动是局部的,在整个地球沙漠化进程中只是起到一个加速剂的作用。沙漠化过程可分为3个阶段,即物理风化与沙源积聚阶段、风沙作用阶段和沙漠化阶段。沙漠期后沙丘沙经过固化生草、胶结成岩阶段后即形成风成砂岩。 相似文献
2.
Vegetation changes associated with barrier-dune construction on the outer banks of North Carolina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manmade dunes are used to stabilize the barrier islands of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States so that they are more amenable to development. Although this strategy has stabilized extensive sections of the barrier-island substrate, it has also caused significant ecological changes. The rate and pattern of the resulting vegetation changes along the Outer Banks of North Carolina were determined using sequential aerial photography. Successional trends have been altered in favor of more stable woody communities. 相似文献
3.
The planning and management of coastal sites in Catalonia has been mainly concerned with rendering beaches functional for
mass frequentation. This has caused serious problems for the beaches, including the alteration of dune formation processes
and the destruction of beach vegetation and habitats. Municipal capacity to plan and manage beaches is theoretically very
limited and relegated to the design of plans related to the maintenance of facilities for beach users. Nonetheless, a singular
experience, led by a local council in the metropolitan area of Barcelona demonstrates the crucial role that a local administration
can play in achieving a balance between habitat preservation and social use based on sustainable coastal management objectives,
in spite of a restrictive legislation. 相似文献
4.
William Ritchie 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2000,6(2):207-218
The Sands of Forvie, National Nature Reserve, Scotland is a complex coastal sand dune system which is associated with the
dynamic estuary of the River Ythan. The dune system has developed over more than 5000 years. The south part is a peninsula
of dunes, sand hills, sand arcs, erosion and deflation surfaces. The north part is superimposed on a rock plateau with a cliff
coastline. This plateau is covered in glacial deposits and is essentially an upland heath landscape. Some of the best examples
of large active parabolic dunes in Britain are found in North Forvie. The sequence of geomorphic development is described.
As a nature reserve with a rich ecology it has been managed for conservational purposes since 1960s. As such it is an excellent
case study of how conservational management has changed to become more flexible and more aware of the importance of dynamic
processes. 相似文献
5.
The machair sand dune systems of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland are a unique habitat, which is rare within both a global and
European context. Unusually, the machair habitat also represents an agricultural resource that is very important to the Hebridean
people, having been subject to both grazing and cultivation throughout the historical period. Following designation as an
Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) in 1988, the machairs of South Uist have been studied with the aim of understanding the
links between agricultural practice and their plant community and ecosystem dynamics. This research focused primarily on the
effects of cultivation practices and their role in maintaining plant species richness and community and ecosystem stability.
Within two carefully selected areas, the successional plant communities of machair at different stages of recovery following
ploughing and cultivation of cereals and potato patches or ‘lazy beds’ were identified at both a macro- and micro-level. Investigations
of the vegetation recovery processes on turves taken from newly ploughed land indicated that the initial stages of recolonization
are characterized primarily by rapid vegetative reproduction and growth, although re-vegetation by seeds is also an important
factor. The implications of these findings for the long-term management of machair plant communities are discussed and in
particular the need to maintain old cultivation practices such as shallow ploughing. The need for more detailed research into
both seed banks and seed rain and into processes of vegetative reproduction is stressed.
Nomenclature: Clapham et al. (1981) and Stace (1991, 1997) for vascular plants; Hubbard (1984) for grasses; Pankhurst & Mullin (1991) for
the regional flora; Dobson (1992) for lichens; Watson (1981) for mosses and liverworts. 相似文献
6.
绿洲边缘新月形沙丘表层沉积物粒度与重金属分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以乌兰布和沙漠绿洲边缘工业化城市乌海市下风向典型新月形沙丘为研究对象,分析了新月形沙丘各部位0~10 cm沙物质、沙丘前50 m处大气降尘的粒度及重金属元素变化特征,探讨了重金属物质的来源及其与粒径的相关性,评价了重金属的潜在生态风险.结果表明:沙丘各部位沉积物粒度均以细砂为主,较对照沙丘极细砂含量增高而中砂含量减少.而降尘主要以极细砂、粉粒为主,降尘在沙丘表面的沉降堆积使沙丘表层沙物质细化.沙丘与降尘的重金属含量均为FeMnCrZnCu;Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr含量均高于背景值且发生富集.Mn、Zn含量在空间分布上呈中等变异;Fe、Cu含量在空间分布上为高度变异.Mn、Zn、Cu含量与细颗粒含量呈显著正相关,Zn、Cu含量与中砂含量呈负相关,Fe含量与细砂和中砂含量均呈负相关.Cu、Zn、Cr为人为污染因子,Mn、Fe为自然源因子,但Cr、Mn、Fe又受到自然地质背景和人类活动的共同控制.乌海市下风向新月形沙丘属于低生态风险状态,为轻度污染,需加强废气的治理控制以防重金属污染的进一步加深. 相似文献
7.
Variation in the endospermal protein patterns of seeds amongst and between inland and coastal populations of the dune building
grassLeymus arenarius was examined in Iceland. Seeds were collected from six coastal populations and five inland populations in Iceland. Endospermal
proteins (prolamins) of seeds were extracted with Tris-buffered 2-propanol (50%) and β-mercaptoethanol (0.5% v/v). We used
8% and 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to separate the prolamin protein bands, which
were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R. Coastal populations were differentiated from inland populations on the basis
of high frequency of high molar weight (HMW) (110–150 kg mol−1) prolamins. Coastal populations had significantly higher proportions of their seed with more than two HMW prolamins, than
those of inland populations. Subtle differences were found among the HMW prolamins of coastal and inland populations indicating
limited intrapopulation variation. The dynamic environment of sand dunes probably influences the genetic composition of these
populations. The results suggest that seeds of the inland and coastal populations should be treated separately in sand dune
reclamation and restoration works 相似文献
8.
C. Soulsby D. Hannah R. Malcolm J. K. Maizels R. Gard 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1997,3(2):143-154
This paper reports the results of 12 years of hydrological monitoring at the St. Fergus dune system in northeastern Scotland.
The site is adjacent to the UK’s largest gas terminal and the dunes are crossed in five places by North Sea gas pipelines
which were constructed between 1976 and 1990. These are buried beneath the dune system which was restored after pipeline installation.
The dunes include a substantial freshwater wetland which is seasonally flooded and provides an important habitat for waterfowl.
The hydrogeology of the site is characterized and the hydrogeological processes that sustain this wetland feature are considered
including recent climatic fluctuations.
Nomenclature: Names of vascular plants follow Clapham et al. (1962). 相似文献
9.
In 1990, the Government and Parliament of the Netherlands decided on a new national policy for coastal defence. To ensure
the enduring safety of the low-lying polders as well as the sustainable preservation of the coastal dunes, it was decided
to maintain the coastline in its 1990 position.
The main method for coastline preservation in the Netherlands is beach nourishment. Since 1991, approximately 7 million m3 of sand is added to the Dutch beaches annually. From an evaluation study of sand nourishment projects it is concluded that
nourishment is an effective and efficient method to preserve the coastline. The evaluation study also proves that nourishment
projects should be ‘tailor-made’, taking the local morphological and hydraulic conditions into account. The first results
of an experimental shoreface nourishment are discussed.
The choice for nourishment as the principal method to combat erosion is well in line with the intention to restore the natural
dynamics of the dune-coast in the Netherlands. The key probably is a less strict policy with regard to the maintenance of
the foredunes. Plans for the development of typical coastal features such as slufters*, wash-overs, blow-outs and mobile dunes are currently under discussion.
A slufter is a breakthrough in the first dune-ridge whereby the sea invades former dune slacks or beach plains situated behind
the duneridge. In this way a tidal marsh is formed within the dune zone. 相似文献
10.
M. Lati S. Boughali D. Bechki H. Bouguettaia D. Mennouche N. Gana 《International Journal of Green Energy》2019,16(6):413-422
A passive flat-plate solar air collector was constructed in the laboratory of New and Renewable Energy in Arid Zones, Ouargla University, South East Algeria. The absorber of the passive flat-plate solar air collector was laminated with a thin layer of local sand. This acted as a thermal packed bed with a collecting area of 0.5 m2 (1 m × 0.5 m). Three series of experiments were performed. The first consisted of choosing the best sand brought from three different places of the Algerian desert. The second consisted of studying the effect of the thickness of the sand layer on the daily efficacy of the collector. The influence of the sand diameter was investigated in the third series. The experimental results showed that: All collectors covered with sand had higher efficiency than those without. It was noticed that, for a fixed mass of sand (given thickness of the sand layer), the improvement of the collector was inversely proportional to the sand particle diameters. The maximum efficiency approximates 62.1% for a particle diameter 0.063 mm, compared to 41.71% for a diameter 0.250 mm.The efficiency of the collector for a fixed particle diameter increases with the increase in the thickness of the sand layer. The collector with thickness sand layer 0.84 mm gave the best efficiency of 46.14% compared to 27.8% for 0.28 mm of thickness sand layer. 相似文献