排序方式: 共有21条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Brian M. Reich 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(6):1153-1171
A study is presented of the months in which the instantaneous annual maximum discharges from 66 watersheds occurred. The 2,052 flood values were measured on areas ranging from 2.4 through 214 square miles. The longest record was 60 years; the three shortest were 20. Pictorial results show both the number of floods for each month and individual discharges relative to the mean flood. A parameter which is weighted in this manner accounts for both the incidence and the magnitude of floods. Peculiarities of flood-timing charts, based on this parameter, are discussed with respect to watershed size, soils, geology, and land use. After anomolous watersheds had been assigned to special categories, flood-timing charts from most records exhibit a regional dichotomy dividing eastern from western Pennsylvania. 相似文献
2.
Richard G. Heerdegen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(4):813-817
ABSTRACT: A study of the length of the growing and dormant season in Pennsylvania by isoline interpolation from climatological data. Maps of the beginning and ending of the growing and dormant seasons, length of growing season and ratio of growing to dormant season are included. 相似文献
3.
4.
A.J. Wheeler I. Williams R.A. Beaumont R.S. Hamilton 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):69-77
The personal exposure of children aged 9 – 11 years to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) was carried out between January and September 1997 in the London Borough of Barnet. Personal sampling along with home, garden and classroom microenvironmental monitoring was completed for all ten children. Each child was monitored for five days during winter, spring and summer. All children completed daily time activity diaries to provide information on any potential activities that could influence their exposure to particulate matter. Each evening a household activity questionnaire was also completed by the parents. Personal Environmental Monitors were used to sample personal exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Harvard Impactors were used for the microenvironmental sampling of both size fractions. The children's mean personal exposure concentrations for PM10 during winter, spring and summer were 72, 54 and 35 µg/m3 respectively and for PM2.5 22, 17 and 18 µg/m3 respectively. In order to determine the potential sources of particulate matter, analysis of the Teflon filters has been undertaken. The physical characteristics of the particles have been identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The relationships between personal exposure concentrations and the different microenvironments will be discussed. 相似文献
5.
采用质子转移反应质谱仪(PTR-MS)对深圳大学城园区2017年不同季节(分干湿两季)的6种典型OVOCs和其他非甲烷烃类(NMHCs)进行连续在线监测,分析其干湿季的浓度特征与日变化规律,并应用光化学龄的参数化方法开展OVOCs的来源解析.结果表明,在观测的6种OVOCs中,甲醇的平均浓度最高,达10×10-9~12×10-9,其次是乙酸、丙酮和乙醛,约2~5×10-9,甲酸和丁酮的含量最低,仅1×10-9~2×10-9.通过日变化观察到的OVOCs湿季峰值浓度时间明显早于干季,乙醛表现出与臭氧(O3)相似的日变化特征,揭示了其可能存在二次来源;甲醇和丁酮的峰值浓度时间均早于O3,可能存在重要的一次排放源.采用光化学龄模型解析出日间污染物来源比例:在污染较重的干季,甲醇、乙醛、丙酮和丁酮的人为一次源占主导,甲酸和乙酸的二次源是主要贡献者;在较清洁的湿季,天然源成为乙醛、丙酮、丁酮、甲酸和乙酸的主要来源. 相似文献
6.
不同填埋时间、不同季节的垃圾渗滤液生物毒性 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
以武汉市7个城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液作为研究对象,探讨不同填埋时间、不同季节渗滤液的生物毒性变化以及理化指标与生物毒性效应的相关性.毒性实验采用嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)作为试验生物,进行了渗滤液对受试生物的24 h半数致死浓度LC50和生长抑制测定.结果表明,不同填埋时间的渗滤液LC50在0.84%~12.15%之间;随着填埋时间延长,渗滤液LC50有增大的趋势,急性毒性逐渐减小,但渗滤液对嗜热四膜虫种群的生长抑制没有减少的趋势.不同季节渗滤液的LC50没有明显的规律性,夏季的渗滤液LC50较小,急性毒性较强;不同季节的渗滤液对嗜热四膜虫的生长抑制情况不同,春季渗滤液的生长抑制作用最小.渗滤液理化指标与LC50无显著相关性,而渗滤液对嗜热四膜虫种群的生长抑制作用随着COD、BOD5、NH4+-N和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的增加而增强. 相似文献
7.
Analysis of Meteorological Drought Pattern During Different Climatic and Cropping Seasons in Bangladesh 下载免费PDF全文
Mahiuddin Alamgir Shamsuddin Shahid Manzul Kumar Hazarika Syams Nashrrullah Sobri Bin Harun Supiah Shamsudin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):794-806
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agro‐based economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre‐Kharif (March‐May), Kharif (May‐October), and Rabi (December‐February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years (1961‐2010). The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh. 相似文献
8.
P. B. L. Tamuno G. Howard M. D. Smith 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):887-903
The Central Niger Delta is made up of a network of rivers and creeks that constitute the inland surface waters. These surface
waters have historically influenced settlement patterns and are of diverse use to residents of the Central Niger Delta. Surface
water like many ecological system are complex, whose complexity has been associated with seasonal variability. Traditional
knowledge (TK), traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and the traditional eco-livelihood knowledge (TELK) of residents of
four rural communities in the Central Niger Delta have been explored in developing a river use profile of rural communities
of the Central Niger Delta. A questionnaire survey has been carried out in four communities, two each from the Otuoke and
Kolo Creeks. The result shows that river use varies across seasons and affected by: physico-chemical water quality and characteristics
of surface water; the hydrological characteristics; the biological/ecological characteristics; cultural use and demand; need
for development projects; and access to this vital resource. Fishing constitute one of the major livelihood source in the
Central Niger Delta and the TELK of fishers in the sample communities have specifically been explored to understanding fishing
patterns across seasons. The five seasons identified from this study are: flood season; flood recession season; dry season;
early rainy season; and rainy season. Therefore, the thesis of this paper is that there is the need to balance the current
usage of surface water in the developing world such as the Central Niger Delta with the demand for development as well as
future use if development is to meet the criteria for equitable development. The river use profile could be a promising tool
in planning for equitable development.
相似文献
M. D. SmithEmail: |
9.
城市区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向季节变化 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
随着城市高层建筑的出现,人类日常生活的垂向空间范围逐渐向上延伸,近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节特征值得关注.本研究分别在春、夏、秋、冬四季采集贵阳市某生活-文教区近地表不同空间高度平台上的灰尘样品,分析灰尘沉降通量及灰尘中Ca、Fe、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探讨灰尘沉降通量及元素含量随空间高度的变化,揭示区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节变化特征.结果表明,空间高度灰尘沉降通量季节变化总体上表现为冬季灰尘沉降通量最大,春季次之,夏季最低;冬季灰尘沉降通量沿垂向空间高度的分布差异最大,其次是夏季,春秋两季灰尘沉降通量垂向空间差异较小;季节变化对低层空间平台灰尘沉降通量影响大于高层空间;春季灰尘中元素含量最高,秋季灰尘重元素含量相对较低;元素含量随时空变化最大的是Zn,变化较小的是Ca.冬、春季节大气逆温层可能是灰尘沉降量和Pb、Zn等元素含量升高的原因之一. 相似文献
10.
河北海域荧光法测定叶绿素含量周年季节分层分布 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
2006~2007年春夏秋冬在河北海域进行了四个航次分层叶绿素a调查,结果表明:春季(4月),全海域表层叶绿素a平均值为0.65 mg/m~3(0.12~2.69 mg/m~3),中层为1.02 mg/m~3(0.08~3.47 mg/m~3),底层为1.03 mg/m~3(0.12~5.05 mg/m~3);夏季(7月),全海域表层叶绿素a平均值为3.45 mg/m~3(0.63~11.28 mg/m~3),中层为3.40 mg/m~3(0.88~11.50 mg/m~3),底层为3.37 mg/m~3(1.00~11.39 mg/m~3);秋季(10月),全海域表层叶绿素a平均值为5.83 mg/m~3(1.80~13.50 mg/m~3),中层为4.54± 3.33 mg/m~3(1.60~12.80 mg/m~3),底层为5.40 mg/m~3 (2.50~12.70 mg/m~3);冬季(11月),全海域表层叶绿素a平均值为1.21 mg/m~3 (0.47~7.79 mg/m~3),中层为0.79 mg/m~3 (0.47~1.41 mg/m~3),底层为0.86 mg/m~3(0.39~1.93 mg/m~3).总体趋势是春季唐山外部海域叶绿素a浓度较高,夏季秦皇岛和黄骅近岸海域叶绿素a浓度较高,秋季秦皇岛近岸海域叶绿素a浓度较高,冬季唐山近岸海域叶绿素a浓度较高. 相似文献