Applications of biosensors for bacteria and virus detection in food and water–A systematic review

Biosensors for sensitive and specific detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are particularly valued for their portability, usability, relatively low cost, and real-time or near real-time response. Their application is widespread in several domains, including environmental monitoring. The main limitation of currently developed biosensors is a lack of sensitivity and specificity in complex matrices. Due to increased interest in biosensor development, we conducted a systematic review, com...     

快速检测毒死蜱残留量的酶膜生物传感器研究

毒死蜱是一种当前使用广泛的中等毒性有机磷农药．采用传统方法检测毒死蜱．难以满足现场检测的需要。以戊二醛为交联剂．制备了一种基于乙酰胆碱酯酶的酶膜生物传感器．并将其应用于毒死蜱的检测。考察了不同pH值．戊二醛用量．工作环境温度对传感器工作过程的影响。结果表明．本酶膜传感器可定量检出浓度为1．64～20．52mg／kg的毒死蜱。     

Insect cell-based impedance biosensors: a novel technique to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants

Cell biosensors are currently emerging as novel, sensitive techniques to monitor the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Here, we have developed electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) for on-line monitoring of the behavior of insect cells. Cells were cultured on a microarray of eight small gold electrodes, deposited on the bottom of tissue culture wells. Upon inoculation, cells showed a tendency to drift downward and attached to the gold surface precoated with the protein Concanavalin A to accelerate the cell attachment. The impedance increased because the cells acted as insulating particles to restrict the current flow. The resulting impedance, a coordination of many biological reactions within the cell, was continuously monitored in real-time to reveal information about cell spreading and micromotion. As the cell behavior was sensitive to external chemicals, the applicability of ECIS for inhibition assays was demonstrated with HgCl₂, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB). Electronic Publication     

环境污染物快速检测技术的国内外研究进展

介绍了环境污染物的分类与危害,基于目前国内外不同类型污染物快速检测技术的研究进展,综述了包括离子传感器、气体传感器和生物传感器等在内的化学传感器选择性强、成本低廉、可检测痕量污染物的优势,以及便携式检测设备节省时间、避免样品采集、应用领域广泛的特点,并提出了污染物快速检测技术的未来发展方向。     

Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

• Airborne microorganism detection methods are summarized. • Biosensors play an important role in detecting airborne microorganisms. • The principle of biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms is introduced. • The application and progress of biosensor in recent years is summarized. • The future perspectives of biosensor are identified. Humanity has been facing the threat of a variety of infectious diseases. Airborne microorganisms can cause airborne infectious diseases, which spread rapidly and extensively, causing huge losses to human society on a global scale. In recent years, the detection technology for airborne microorganisms has developed rapidly; it can be roughly divided into biochemical, immune, and molecular technologies. However, these technologies still have some shortcomings; they are time-consuming and have low sensitivity and poor stability. Most of them need to be used in the ideal environment of a laboratory, which limits their applications. A biosensor is a device that converts biological signals into detectable signals. As an interdisciplinary field, biosensors have successfully introduced a variety of technologies for bio-detection. Given their fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, good portability, strong specificity, and low cost, biosensors have been widely used in environmental monitoring, medical research, food and agricultural safety, military medicine and other fields. In recent years, the performance of biosensors has greatly improved, becoming a promising technology for airborne microorganism detection. This review introduces the detection principle of biosensors from the three aspects of component identification, energy conversion principle, and signal amplification. It also summarizes its research and application in airborne microorganism detection. The new progress and future development trend of the biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms are analyzed.     

Bioavailability of zinc in runoff water from roofing materials

Corrosion and runoff from zinc-coated materials and outdoor structures is an important source for the dispersion of zinc in the environment. Being part of a large inter-disciplinary research project, this study presents the bioavailability of zinc in runoff water immediately after release from the surface of 15 different commercially available zinc-based materials exposed to the urban environment of Stockholm, Sweden. Runoff water was analysed chemically and evaluated for its possible environmental impact, using both a biosensor test with the bacteria Alcaligenes eutrophus (Biomet^®) and the conventional 72 h growth inhibition test with the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. Chemical speciation modelling revealed that most zinc (94.3–99.9%) was present as the free Zn ion, the most bioavailable speciation form. These findings were confirmed by the results of the biosensor test (Biomet^®) which indicated that all zinc was indeed bioavailable. Analysis of the ecotoxicity data also suggested that the observed toxic effects were due to the presence of Zn²⁺ ions. Finally, regression analysis showed that, for this type of runoff samples, the rapid screening biosensor was capable of predicting (a) the total amount of zinc present in the runoff samples (R² of 0.93–0.98; p<0.05) and (b) the observed 72 h-EbC₅₀s (R² of 0.69–0.97; p<0.05).     

生物传感器及其在环境监测方面的应用

介绍了生物传感器的基本组成、工作原理、分类并重点论述了生物传感器在环境监测上的应用     

微生物燃料电池型传感器在BOD检测中的应用进展

介绍了微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器的原理与构建方式，分析了影响响应时间、电池转化率、稳定性等性能的因素，指出微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器响应时间短，适用范围广，稳定性好，操作简单，能实现BOD实时在线检测，提出构建低成本、高性能的微生物燃料电池型BOD传感器与BOD在线检测装置是该领域研究的重要方向。     

Screening of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from Pseudomonas strains as biosensor for lead and some other metals contamination

δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD; E.C. 4.2.1.24) is a metalloprotein and plays a crucial role in heme synthesis. Its sensitivity to toxic metals depends on the metallic co-factors. In this study the effects of some heavy metals on ALADs activity of five Pseudomonas isolates from Akar?ay stream (Afyonkarahisar) have been studied in order to determine whether their ALADs could be used as biosensor for lead and other heavy metals contamination. The data obtained from the study were analysed statistically by using SPSS 10.0 software for Windows. According to the results, Ni(II) increased the ALAD activity of Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas aureginosa ATTC 27853. Mn(II) also increased the enzymic activity in all strains examined except P. pseudoalcaligenes. These were found not to be statistically meaningful. P. aeruginosa 2’s enzymic activity was inhibited by Mg(II) and Zn(II), significantly (p’lt;’.05). There was a statistically meaningful relation between enzymic activity of both P. pseudoalcaligenes, P. putida and increasing Pb(II) concentration (p’lt;’.05). In addition, a formula was also deviced in order to determine the doses of metals in the environment of the organisms. As a result of the study, we can suggest that Pseudomonas ALADs can be used as a biosensor for lead and some other heavy metal exposure in aquatic environments.     

应用胆碱酯酶生物传感器分析测定有机磷及重金属等潜在环境污染物

采用硝化纤维素为载体的固定化丁酰胆碱酯酶膜与银基汞膜电极耦合制得安培胆碱酯酶生物传感器。以该传感器为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极组成双电极系统,用示波极谱仪接收电流信号,分析测定了有机磷(包括农用杀虫剂)和重金属等两类酶抑制剂,在较宽的浓度范围内示波峰电流值与抑制剂浓度的对数值之间具有良好的线性关系,最低检出下限可达到2．0×10－6mg／L．上述酶传感系统可用于毒性评价和环境监测等领域。