CE-QUAL-W2模型在上海市大型饮用水水库中的应用

通过二维纵向横向平均水动力学和水质模型（CE-QUAL-W2模型）来模拟上海大型饮用水水库的水质状况。模型初步模拟了该水库中不同深度水层的水质状况,使用2011年1月到2011年11月单月（包含一年四季代表性）的数据对模型主要参数进行校正。结果显示,水质状况的模型计算值与实测值比较接近,与实际情况较吻合,AME和RMS值较好,预测该水库的水质是Ⅰ～Ⅱ类。通过本文对该（CE-QUAL-W2模型）的应用得出的结果显示,该模型也适合模拟一些具有湖泊特性的河流,尤其适用于对水体的水质评估。     

高等学校应以精神文明建设为先导落实育人目标

以精神文明建设为先导落实育人目标,是贯彻高校教育方针的重要方面。本文从抓好队伍和校园文化建设为切入点,提出了拓宽育人渠道、改进育人方法和强化素质教育的建议。     

浅海平台油气火灾事故模拟评估应用

全球海洋油气开发重特大火灾事故频发,油气生产安全面临严峻挑战,以我国浅海某中心平台组为研究对象,对可能发生的三相分离器喷射火火灾、管线交叉处喷射火火灾、生产平台池火火灾以及储罐平台池火火灾,采用FDS软件建立该平台组的火灾动力学模型,对油气泄漏后火灾的发展态势、火场温度、热辐射强度、设备温度以及不同火灾工况的对比分析,研究火灾发生后对人员伤害,以及平台上油气管线、分离器、油气储罐、平台栈桥等重要设备安全性的影响,并提出操作人员和重要设备的安全距离。针对火灾事故风险控制提出建议措施,对海上火灾风险分析未来研究方向进行阐述。     

Personal exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals associated with cardiopulmonary function in general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with personal exposed PM2.5-bound heavy meals, we conducted a cross-sectional study in...     

微波活化对Ca(OH)2孔隙结构及脱氯性能的影响

采用微波炉对一定质量的氢氧化钙样品进行活化，利用压汞仪考察了不同微波活化时间及脱氯反应前后的Ca(OH)2总比孔表面积、分段比表面积和孔径分布的变化，并在脱氯实验台上对脱氯效率进行实际测试。结果表明，微波活化存在一个最佳时间，在此时间内样品比孔表面积增大50%左右，而超过这一时间样品比表面积回复性减小；微波活化主要通过增加3～20 nm孔径段的微孔为样品提供更大比表面积；这些新增加的微孔在脱氯反应过程中被完全利用或消耗； 最佳活化时间下的微波活化使Ca(OH)₂在较低Ca/Cl摩尔比下获得更大脱氯效率，Ca/Cl摩尔比=4.1时，脱氯效率增加了20%。     

唐山市南湖湿地水体富营养化治理研究

以芦苇作为人工湿地植物,土壤为基质建立人工湿地,采用人工湿地控制试验的方法深入研究了芦苇和湿地基质对唐山人工湿地南湖污水中氮磷的净化能力以及氮、磷在芦苇根、茎、叶的时空分布和动态变化,实验结果表明：芦苇湿地对污水中的氮、磷的净化效果十分明显,在一个月内对污水中TN的平均去除率可达到61.99%,TP平均的去除率可达51.97%,其中基质吸附和植物吸收作用是湿地脱氮除磷的重要形式。     

重金属汞对海洋底栖动物毛蚶和紫贻贝毒性效应研究

本文基于我国近海典型底栖双壳类生物毛蚶、紫贻贝急性和慢性毒性效应实验数据,分析了重金属汞对受试生物体质量、体长及消化腺超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)酶活力的影响,获取了无观察效应浓度(No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC),并以生存率为反应终点分析计算了重金属汞的非检测毒性效应浓度及半致死浓度。结果表明,各实验组SOD酶活力的组内方差与组间方差的差异整体上并不显著(P > 0.05),实验周期内仅在个别时间处理组间存在显著性差异(P < 0.05);实验周期内毛蚶和紫贻贝体质量、体长的组内方差与组间方差并没有显著性差异(P > 0.1),体长及体质量不适合作为毒性效应的评价终点。重金属汞对毛蚶、紫贻贝的非检测毒性效应浓度分别为23.7 μg·L-1、87.8 μg·L-1,半致死浓度分别为683.4 μg·L-1、773.2 μg·L-1。     

Classification and comparison of municipal solid waste based on thermochemical characteristics

Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been normally sorted into six categories, namely, food residue, wood waste, paper, textiles, plastics, and rubber. In each category, materials could be classified further into subgroups. Based on proximate and ultimate analysis and heating value, statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the characteristics of MSW in every subgroup and to try to distinguish their relative properties. The chemical characteristics analysis of MSW showed that polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) had the highest volatile matter content, with almost no ash and fixed carbon, while polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had high carbon content but low hydrogen content. Bones and vegetables had the highest ash content, while nutshells and rubber had the highest fixed carbon content. Paper and starch food had the highest oxygen content, and wool and bones had the highest nitrogen and sulfur content. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) had the highest chlorine content at about 55%. PE, PP, and PS had the highest heating value, followed by chemical products such as rubber and chemical fiber. Conversely, paper, vegetables and bones had the lowest heating value. The results of cluster analysis of MSW components showed that fruit peel, weeds, wood, bamboo, leaves and nutshells could be classified as the lignocellulose category; starch food, cotton, toilet paper, printing paper and cardboard could be classified as the glucose monomer category; wood and chemical fiber could be classified as the high nitrogen and sulfur category; and PE, PP, and PS could be cluster as the polyolefin category.

Implications: The yield of municipal solid waste (MSW) is constantly increasing and waste to energy (WTE) has been used extensively all over the world. During the processes of incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification, the impact of physical and chemical properties of MSW is of great significance. However, the traditional classification of MSW is too general to provide more detailed information in many investigations. It is necessary to perform the investigation of characteristics of combustible MSW to distinguish different categories of MSW and find out their subclassification.     

学校德育信度和效度缺损归因及对策探析

德育做为学校教育的组成部分之一,对人的全面发展具有重要意义.但是,随着经济的发展,普遍出现了德育的信度和效度缺损,道德的滑坡的现象.究其原因,我们可以从德育的内容、德育过程、德育目的等几个方面进行探讨,提高德育有效性,可以从营造良好的德育环境、确定恰当的德育目标、调整和充实德育内容等多个方面着手.