利用3 nm~20 μm颗粒物粒径分布测量仪对南宁市大气颗粒物粒径分布特征进行研究

利用颗粒物粒径分布测量仪(particle size distribution system,PSD)对南宁市2016年11月15日—12月4日大气颗粒物进行实时监测,分析颗粒物数浓度、粒径分布特征及其与颗粒物质量浓度的关系.结果表明,南宁市3 nm~20μm颗粒物平均数浓度为3269个·cm-3,粒径呈双峰分布,主峰值出现在28 nm左右,次峰值出现在100 nm左右.颗粒物数浓度随时间变化呈现一定规律,即早上8:00—10:00和晚上18:00—20:00左右出现浓度高值,这与早晚高峰有关.新粒子一般在16:00~18:00左右开始生成,18:00—20:00左右逐渐长大,并在夜间至凌晨保持较高的浓度.南宁市监测期间新粒子生成与机动车尾气排放有关.颗粒物质量浓度越大对应的数浓度也相应较高,较大粒径颗粒物对质量浓度贡献较大.降雨和风速加大过程对颗粒物数浓度下降有影响;温度和湿度对颗粒物数浓度影响不明显.     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

河道底泥陶粒比表面测定

讨论了以河道底泥和生活污泥为原料烧制陶粒比表面的测定原理、方法和结果，并对生活污泥添加量、粘结刑添加量和烧结温度对陶粒比表面的影响作了进一步分析。     

Influence of cation type, ionic strength, and pH on solubilization and mobilization of residual hydrocarbon by a biosurfactant

This study investigated the effect of cation type, ionic strength, and pH on the performance of an anionic monorhamnolipid biosurfactant for solubilization and removal of residual hexadecane from sand. Three common soil cations, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺, were used in these experiments and hexadecane was chosen to represent a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) less dense than water. Results showed that hexadecane solubility in rhamnolipid solution was significantly increased by the addition of Na⁺ and Mg²⁺. Addition of up to 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ also increased hexadecane solubility. For Ca²⁺ concentrations greater than 0.2 mM there was little effect on hexadecane solubility due to competing effects of calcium-induced rhamnolipid precipitation and enhanced hexadecane solubilization. Efficiency of NAPL solubilization can be expressed in terms of molar solubilization ratios (MSR). The results showed that MSR values for hexadecane in rhamnolipid solutions increased 7.5-fold in the presence of 500 mM Na⁺, and 25-fold in the presence of 1 mM Mg²⁺. The presence of cations also reduced the interfacial tension between rhamnolipid solutions and hexadecane. For example, an increase in Na⁺ from 0 to 800 mM caused a decrease in interfacial tension from 2.2 to 0.89 dyn cm⁻¹. Similarly, decreasing pH caused a reduction in interfacial tension. The lowest interfacial tension value observed in this study was 0.02 dyn cm⁻¹ at pH 6 in the presence of 320 mM Na⁺. These conditions were also found to be optimal for removal of hexadecane residual from sand columns, with 58% of residual removed within three pore volumes. The removal of residual NAPL from the packed columns was primarily by mobilization, even though solubilization was significantly increased in the presence of Na⁺.     

2020年2月南宁市一次大气PM2.5污染成因分析

2020年1月31—2月2日新冠肺炎疫情期间,广西发生的一次区域性大气PM_2.5污染引发社会关注.以南宁市为例,利用在线气体组分及气溶胶监测系统（MARGA）、颗粒物激光雷达,结合地面气态污染物和气象数据卫星火点和后向轨迹等分析本次PM_2.5污染成因.依据空气质量分指数,将观测过程划分为优、良和污染3个时段.结果表明,污染时段与生物质焚烧相关的K⁺、Cl^-明显升高,K⁺、Cl^-平均浓度分别为优时段的3.6和17.0倍.3个时段8种水溶性离子总浓度占PM_2.5均在30%左右,3种二次水溶性离子浓度之和占8种离子总浓度的比例为83.33%~89.18%,二次无机组分占比高,与秸秆焚烧促进二次转化有关.二次水溶性离子浓度变化趋势与占比不一致,除了与秸秆燃烧排放特征有关,还与不同二次无机离子形成的机制及主要影响因素不同有关.秸秆焚烧火点集中分布在良时段的南宁市及周边城市,良时段秸秆露天焚烧直接排放大量颗粒物、气态污染物等,在污染时段边界层高度明显下降,湿度增加、静风等不利气象条件下积累,是造成疫情期间南宁市大气PM_2.5污染的主因.污染时段南宁市无明显的颗粒物垂直传输过程,近地面主要受到广东、广西北部湾偏南气流影响,区域污染传输小.     

Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese New Year in Nanning

Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO_2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode(100–500 nm) particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles(fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate(OC-sulfate), biomass burning) with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak(80SO_3~-) followed by an increase of sulfate peaks(97HSO_4~-+ 96SO_4~-) in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO_2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO_2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO_2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO_2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays.     

甲酯大气污染防治的研究

采用十三烷吸收大气中的MA（或MMA），实验表明，该方法处理MA（或MMA）的大气污染是行之有效的。处理的最佳工艺条件为吸收温度20℃，吸收压力0．1MPa，气流速度以低速为宜，当吸收剂十三烷中MA浓度低于8．11％，（若MMA则低于9．00％），排放的尾气中MA（MMA）浓度小于10mg／L。     

延迟焦化加热炉炉管结焦分析及应对措施

论述了延迟焦化加热炉炉管内结焦机理及影响因素,对加热炉炉管结焦原因和易结焦部位进行了分析,指出炉管结焦的危害及判断方法,提出了减缓炉管结焦的措施。     

广西工业源大气污染物排放清单及空间分布特征研究

大气污染物排放清单是了解区域污染物排放特征的重要资料,而工业源是大气污染的重点排放源.研究根据收集的工业企业活动水平数据,选择合理的计算方法和排放因子,建立了广西2016年工业源大气污染物排放清单.结果表明,2016年广西工业源SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、VOCs排放总量分别为20.7×10~4、21.6×10~4、147.5×10~4、48.4×10~4、25.7×10~4、34.7×10~4 t.其中,电厂和非金属矿物制品业对SO_2、NO_x、PM_(2.5)和VOCs的贡献最高.除此之外,黑色金属冶炼是SO_2、NO_x和PM_(2.5)的主要贡献源;有色金属冶炼是PM_(2.5)的主要贡献源;农副食品加工业是VOCs的主要贡献源.根据排放源污染物排放量及地理坐标信息,建立了污染物排放量空间分布特征图.结果显示,广西工业企业SO_2和NO_x排放主要集中在百色、柳州、防城港和贵港市;颗粒物排放主要集中在贵港、柳州和百色市;VOCs排放主要集中在柳州、贵港和崇左市.研究建立的排放源清单结果具有一定的不确定性,建议进一步完善基础研究.