米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的比较研究

采用Li-8100开路式土壤碳通量系统,对福建省三明市格氏栲自然保护区米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸进行1 a的定位观测,分析了土壤水热因子及凋落物对土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率月变化均呈单峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在6月上旬[7.03μmol·(m2·s)-1]和7月下旬[5.12μmol·(m2·s)-1];天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率的年均值分别为3.74μmol·(m2·s)-1和3.05μmol·(m2·s)-1,两者之间有显著差异(P<0.05);土壤温度是影响土壤呼吸的主要因素,分别可以解释天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率月动态变化的80.1%和81.0%;天然林土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关,但人工林两者不具有相关关系;天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率与当月凋落物量和前一个月凋落物量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);指数方程计算的天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的Q10值分别为1.86和2.01,天然林和人工林土壤呼吸年通量值分别为14.34 t·(hm2·a)-1和11.18 t·(hm2·a)-1,天然林转换为人工林后,土壤呼吸年通量下降了22.03%.     

米槠天然林和桔园土壤微生物群落结构的季节性变化

森林类型的转变是影响生态系统养分循环的重要因素,研究其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响对于通过森林管理措施应对持续加剧的气候变化具有重要的指导意义。利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术研究了中亚热带地区米槠天然林(Castanopsis carlesii)和相邻的桔园(Citrus reticulata)土壤微生物群落结构的季节变化特点。结果表明,两种植被类型土壤微生物以细菌为优势类群,分别占微生物总PLFA含量的41.04%和48.01%。主成分分析表明,土壤微生物群落结构差异主要由植被类型和季节变化差异引起。天然林微生物磷脂脂肪酸总量、细菌特征脂肪酸、真菌特征脂肪酸、放线菌特征脂肪酸、革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌特征脂肪酸含量均显著高于桔园。两种植被类型微生物类群特征脂肪酸含量最高值均出现在春季,而天然林最低值出现在冬季,桔园最低值出现在夏季。此外,与天然林相比,桔园的夏、秋和冬季土壤真菌与细菌比(F∶B)、春季革兰氏阴性菌与革兰氏阳性菌比(G~+∶G~-)以及全年环丙烷脂肪酸与其前体脂肪酸比(Cye∶Pre)均呈现不同程度的显著降低,而夏季G~+∶G~-和春夏季顺式异构脂肪酸与反式脂肪酸比(Iso∶Ant)均呈现不同程度的增加。植被类型变化不仅改变土壤微生物群落结构,还影响着微生物抵抗环境变化的能力,不同季节的影响程度存在显著差异。     

Effects of soil warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings北大核心CSCD

Warming and nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly affect the plant-soil element cycle under global change. To examine the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents, and their stoichiometric ratios in Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings, four types of treatments were assigned: control (CT), warming (W, + 4 ºC), nitrogen deposition (N, 40 kg ha-1 a-1), and warming + nitrogen deposition (WN) treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased leaf P content by 54.54% and increased leaf C/P and N/P by 85.26% and 83.39%, respectively; WN treatment significantly decreased leaf C content and P content by 1.99% and 51.03%, respectively, but increased the leaf C/P by 68.01% with no significant differences in leaf N content among treatments. The leaf N/P ratio of each treatment was less than 10, but that of the W and WN treatments were closer to 10 than that of the CT treatment. Meanwhile, W and WN treatments significantly increased tree height. (2) No significant differences were observed in soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents among treatments. Compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased soil C/N by 4.09%, while neither W nor WN treatment affected soil C/P and N/P. W treatment increased the available soil content compared to CT treatment. (3) The correlation analysis showed that leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil C/N in the CT treatment; in the W treatment leaf N content and N/P were significantly positively correlated with soil TN and TP content, respectively. Leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil TC and TN in the N treatment, and leaf contents had no significant correlation with soil C, N, and P contents or their stoichiometric characteristics in the WN treatment. This study showed that N limitation still exists in C. lanceolata saplings. Warming and the interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition could alleviate N limitation and promote the growth of C. lanceolata. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

木麻黄沿海防护林土壤呼吸动态及其关键影响因子

以中国亚热带木麻黄沿海防护林为研究对象,利用LI-8100土壤呼吸自动观测系统,对木麻黄人工林生态系统的土壤呼吸特征进行了监测.结果表明,不同林龄木麻黄林地土壤呼吸日动态均呈双峰变化曲线,8:00~10:00和14:00~16:00出现峰值,最小值出现在20:00~22:00;季节动态均呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在6~7月份,最小值则出现在12~1月份.土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸的季节变化存在显著影响,并有明显的交互作用,进行单因素方差分析发现,土壤呼吸季节变化与5cm土温存在着较好的指数相关关系(P成林>幼林;随着林龄的增大,土壤呼吸对土壤温度和土壤水分的敏感性增强.     

Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.