米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的比较研究

采用Li-8100开路式土壤碳通量系统,对福建省三明市格氏栲自然保护区米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸进行1 a的定位观测,分析了土壤水热因子及凋落物对土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,米槠天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率月变化均呈单峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在6月上旬[7.03μmol·(m2·s)-1]和7月下旬[5.12μmol·(m2·s)-1];天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率的年均值分别为3.74μmol·(m2·s)-1和3.05μmol·(m2·s)-1,两者之间有显著差异(P<0.05);土壤温度是影响土壤呼吸的主要因素,分别可以解释天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率月动态变化的80.1%和81.0%;天然林土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关,但人工林两者不具有相关关系;天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率与当月凋落物量和前一个月凋落物量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);指数方程计算的天然林和人工林土壤呼吸的Q10值分别为1.86和2.01,天然林和人工林土壤呼吸年通量值分别为14.34 t·(hm2·a)-1和11.18 t·(hm2·a)-1,天然林转换为人工林后,土壤呼吸年通量下降了22.03%.     

高职《动物营养与饲料分析》实验教学方法的研究

实验教学是人才培养的重要环节,对学生创新能力的培养具有重要作用.介绍了案例教学法、任务驱动法、项目教学法、建立开放实验室和第二课堂、"课堂+实训地点"一体化的教学方法等在动物营养与饲料分析实验课程中的应用,通过上述教学方法的应用,激发了学生主动学习的兴趣和动机,提高了学生的团队意识和协作精神.培养了学生的自学能力、实践能力和创新能力.参6.     

杉木幼林土壤垂直剖面CO2通量对土壤增温的响应

研究土壤垂直剖面CO_2通量的分布是了解生态系统碳循环的重要环节.本研究以亚热带杉木幼林为研究对象,于2014年5月至2015年5月,采用气井法结合Fick扩散法则和扩散系数模型计算15、30、60 cm各层土壤的CO_2通量,探讨增温对其影响.结果表明:杉木幼林土壤增温影响可至60 cm土层,增温显著降低了各层土壤含水量(p0.05).增温显著增加了杉木幼林土壤CO_2通量(p0.05),深层尤为显著;增温处理(W)后15、30、60 cm土层的土壤CO_2通量年均值分别为1.35、0.73和0.36μmol·m-2·s-1,比对照(CT)相应增加了36%、180%和192%,并且增温显著影响了土壤基础呼吸速率F10和土壤温度敏感性指数Q10(p0.05).土壤温度和含水量能够共同解释各层土壤CO_2通量季节变异的62%~87%,且增温处理后其R2增大.双因子模型拟合结果优于单因子模型.增温能够增加土壤呼吸,对全球大气CO_2浓度升高具有正反馈作用.     

Effects of soil warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings北大核心CSCD

Warming and nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly affect the plant-soil element cycle under global change. To examine the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents, and their stoichiometric ratios in Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings, four types of treatments were assigned: control (CT), warming (W, + 4 ºC), nitrogen deposition (N, 40 kg ha-1 a-1), and warming + nitrogen deposition (WN) treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased leaf P content by 54.54% and increased leaf C/P and N/P by 85.26% and 83.39%, respectively; WN treatment significantly decreased leaf C content and P content by 1.99% and 51.03%, respectively, but increased the leaf C/P by 68.01% with no significant differences in leaf N content among treatments. The leaf N/P ratio of each treatment was less than 10, but that of the W and WN treatments were closer to 10 than that of the CT treatment. Meanwhile, W and WN treatments significantly increased tree height. (2) No significant differences were observed in soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents among treatments. Compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased soil C/N by 4.09%, while neither W nor WN treatment affected soil C/P and N/P. W treatment increased the available soil content compared to CT treatment. (3) The correlation analysis showed that leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil C/N in the CT treatment; in the W treatment leaf N content and N/P were significantly positively correlated with soil TN and TP content, respectively. Leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil TC and TN in the N treatment, and leaf contents had no significant correlation with soil C, N, and P contents or their stoichiometric characteristics in the WN treatment. This study showed that N limitation still exists in C. lanceolata saplings. Warming and the interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition could alleviate N limitation and promote the growth of C. lanceolata. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

河南某萤矿废水处理及回用措施分析

萤石矿选矿废水含有氟化物、浮选药剂等多种有毒有害成分,其任意排放将带来严重的水环境污染,同时也造成水资源的浪费。本研究结合萤石矿选矿工艺的特点,对选矿废水进行了合理的处理处置,实现全部选矿废水的回用,对于此类选矿节水减排提供了借鉴和思路。     

大豆肽对湘黄鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响

为研究大豆肽对湘黄鸡生产性能、肉品质和经济效益的影响,试验选择1日龄湘黄鸡240只,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂A组(对照组,不添加大豆肽)、B组(大豆肽:0.4%)、C组(大豆肽:0.8%)、D组(大豆肽:1.2%)饲料,实验期为42 d.结果表明,添加大豆肽可以提高湘黄鸡的日增重,降低料肉比,其中B组和C组增重较佳,育雏结束时,平均体重分别为350.06 g和349.00 g,显著高于A组和D组,料肉比C组最低,为2.49,显著低于A组和D组;添加大豆肽可以提高湘黄鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率和胸肌率,其中C组和D组较高,显著高于A组和B组;添加大豆肽可降低胸肌肌肉的滴水损失,滴水损失为C组B组D组A组;添加适量的大豆肽可提高湘黄鸡育雏期的经济效益,其中B组利润最高,为5.62元/只.综合生产性性、肉品质和经济效益,本试验条件下大豆肽的适宜添加量为0.4%.表5,参14.     

Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

桂牧1号杂交象草研究进展

系统综述了桂牧1号杂交象草(Pennisetum purpureumcv.Guimu-1)生物学特性、丰产栽培技术、营养品质、饲喂效果等方面的研究状况,并针对生产实际中存在的问题,提出了桂牧1号杂交象草今后生产和研究的主要方向.     

初探产业园区规划环境影响跟踪评价实施技术路线和指标体系构建

环境影响评价法颁布十年,规划环评实施进入进一步深化和拓展阶段,跟踪评价是规划环评实施重要内容之一。目前跟踪评价暂缺乏相关技术导则和规范,无法指导实际工作。本文就跟踪评价实施步骤、技术路线、指标体系构建3个方面,探讨跟踪评价在具体工作中如何实施。以产业园区规划为例,将步骤划分为已实施部分规划的回顾性评价、未实施部分规划的预测评价两部分分别分析;技术路线将规划要素与环境资源要素相互对应分析;指标体系构建以规划要素、环境要素、资源要素、管理要素4个方面进行讨论。     

衡阳草食动物发展的优势、现状及对策

随着衡阳人口数量的增加,耕地面积的减少,粮食供求不足,发展草食动物等节粮型养殖业已成为我市畜牧业发展的必然选择.该文分析了衡阳发展草食畜牧业的条件及现状,并针对存在的问题提出了对策,以为衡阳草食动物的发展提供依据.参5.