Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

能源消费结构与大气环境质量的关系——以成都市某区为例

以成都市某区为例,通过研究区的能源消费结构与大气环境质量的调查研究,分析了近五年的能源消费结构变化以及环境空气质量变化趋势,以探索中国城镇能源消费结构与大气环境质量的关系,为节能减排、能源利用方式的改变以及城市规划发展提供依据。分析结果表明该区从2006年开始空气质量有所好转,这种变化与主要能耗结构变化明显相关,说明合理利用资源,推广清洁能源和调整产业结构是发展能源、经济和保护大气环境的有效途径。     

对生活垃圾焚烧产物中重金属的探讨

以成都某生活垃圾焚烧厂为例,通过实验分别研究了焚烧产物中各主要重金属的含量和浸出毒性,由此分析了生活垃圾焚烧产物中的重金属对城市环境的危害。结果表明,该生活垃圾焚烧厂排放的飞灰和炉渣样品中,镉,铜,铅,锌的含量接近或超过国家土壤环境质量标准三级标准,其浸出液pH呈强碱性,镉和飞灰中铅量超过国家浸出液中危害成分浓度限值标准,在环境中存在潜在危害性。在此基础上探讨了生活垃圾中重金属的来源,提出了可行性建议。     

Quantifying interactions between propranolol and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different sources using fluorescence spectroscopy

Beta blockers are widely used pharmaceuticals that have been detected in the environment. Interactions between beta blockers and dissolved organic matter (DOM) may mutually alter their environmental behaviors. To assess this potential, propranolol (PRO) was used as a model beta blocker to quantify the complexation with DOM from different sources using the fluorescence quenching titration method. The sources of studied DOM samples were identified by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with fluorescence regional integration analysis. The results show that PRO intrinsic fluorescence was statically quenched by DOM addition. The resulting binding constants (log K _oc) ranged from 3.90 to 5.20, with the surface-water-filtered DOM samples claiming the lower log K _oc and HA having the highest log K _oc. Log K _oc is negatively correlated with the fluorescence index, biological index, and the percent fluorescence response (P _i,n) of protein-like region (P _I,n) and the P _i,n of microbial byproduct-like region (P _II,n) of DOM EEMs, while it is correlated positively with humification index and the P _i,n of UVC humic-like region (P _III,n). These results indicate that DOM samples from allochthonous materials rich in aromatic and humic-like components would strongly bind PRO in aquatic systems, and autochthonous DOM containing high protein-like components would bind PRO more weakly.     

壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂的制备研究

为了提高污泥细胞吸附重金属离子的应用能力,采用壳聚糖包埋固定活性污泥,制备了粒径2~3 mm的壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂SCTS.以吸附溶液中CrO2-4的吸附率为指标,通过单因素实验对制备过程中采用的2种固化液及5种发泡剂进行比选,考察了固化液浓度、发泡剂量、交联剂量、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力的影响,由正交实验确定影响因素主次顺序及最优水平组合.结果发现,固化液浓度、发泡剂量、污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力影响较强,影响次序为固化液浓度发泡剂量活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值发泡温度.最优水平组合为4 g·L-1三聚磷酸钠(STPP)固化液、剂量为吸附剂质量10%的NH4HCO3发泡剂、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值0.5、发泡温度100℃,此时CrO2-4吸附率最高可达97.3%.该吸附剂的制备研究为污泥的资源化利用探索了新的途径.     

城市环境风险监控预警系统的构建与应用研究

文章在分析当前城市环境风险预警系统构建的不足的基础上,结合目前环境风险预警系统构建的基础支撑系统建设现状,介绍如何建立集成环境风险信息采集、实时监控预警、预测模拟、处理为一体的城市环境风险信息监控预警平台,实现城市环境风险信息统一管理与共享,提高环境监管部门及公众对环境风险的应急反应及处理速度,为城市环境安全保障提供决策支持。     

响应面法优化胡敏素对Cu2+的吸附及机理研究

采用Box-Behnken响应面优化实验设计对胡敏素吸附去除水中Cu~(2+)的过程进行了优化,设定吸附时间、吸附剂用量、pH、温度和Cu~(2+)初始浓度为5个影响因素,Cu~(2+)吸附率为响应值,建立了吸附率与上述因素之间的二次多项式模型,确定最佳吸附条件,对吸附过程的等温模型及吸附机理进行了研究.响应面分析表明,吸附剂用量、pH和Cu~(2+)初始浓度是显著因素.胡敏素对Cu~(2+)吸附的最佳条件为:吸附时间110 min、吸附剂用量2.4 g·L~(-1)、pH=5.4、温度25.0℃、Cu~(2+)初始浓度208 mg·L~(-1).在该条件下,测得胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附率可达到80.78%,吸附符合Langmuir等温线方程.胡敏素表面疏松多孔,有利于其通过物理吸附方式吸附Cu~(2+),同时,胡敏素表面的羟基、羧基和羰基等活性基团可以与Cu~(2+)发生配位络合作用,Na+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)等与Cu~(2+)发生离子交换作用,从而发生化学吸附.研究结果表明,胡敏素作为一种绿色、高效、廉价的吸附剂,可应用于Cu~(2+)污染废水的治理.     

水环境中不同形态氮对甲芬那酸光降解影响机制的研究

研究了紫外光照射下水环境中不同形态的无机氮(NO-3、NO-2和NH+4)对甲芬那酸(MEF)光解的影响.NO-3与NO-2均促进MEF的光解,NH+4对MEF的光解基本无影响;在NO-3、NO-2存在下添加适量异丙醇,显著抑制MEF的降解,实验表明NO-3、NO-2在光照下产生了·OH并参与对MEF的氧化降解.同时模拟研究了水体处于不同p E值下,水中存在的不同形态的无机氮对MEF光解的复合影响,其对MEF光解促进作用不是简单的叠加关系,增大p E值,MEF的光解速率先增大后减小.当NO-2和NH+4共存时,对MEF的光解主要表现为NO-2的影响;当NO-2和NO-3共存时,两者对MEF的光解存在拮抗作用.     

CCS scenarios optimization by spatial multi-criteria analysis: Application to multiple source sink matching in Hebei province

A method, based on spatial analysis of the different criteria to be taken into consideration for building scenarios of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS), has been developed and applied to real case studies in the Hebei province. Totally 88 point sources (42 from power sector, 9 from iron and steel, 18 from cement, 16 from ammonia, and 3 from oil refinery) are estimated and their total emission amounts to 231.7 MtCO₂/year with power, iron and steel, cement, ammonia and oil refinery sharing 59.13%, 25.03%, 11.44%, 3.5%, and 0.91%, respectively. Storage opportunities can be found in Hebei province, characterised by a strong tectonic subsidence during the Tertiary, with several kilometres of accumulated clastic sediments. Carbon storage potential for 25 hydrocarbon fields selected from the Huabei complex is estimated as 215 MtCO₂ with optimistic assumption that all recovered hydrocarbon could be replaced by an equivalent volume of CO₂ at reservoir conditions. Storage potential for aquifers in the Miocene Guantao formation is estimated as 747 MtCO₂ if closed aquifer assumed or 371 MtCO₂ if open aquifer and single highly permeable horizon assumed. Due to poor knowledge on deep hydrogeology and to pressure increase in aquifer, injecting very high rates requested by the major CO₂ sources (>10 MtCO₂/year) is the main challenge, therefore piezometry and discharge must be carefully controlled. A source sink matching model using ArcGIS software is designed to find the least-cost pathway and to estimate transport route and cost accounting for the additional costs of pipeline construction due to landform and land use. Source sink matching results show that only 15–25% of the emissions estimated for the 88 sources can be sequestrated into the hydrocarbon fields and the aquifers if assuming sinks should be able to accommodate at least 15 years of the emissions of a given source.     

TiO2光催化处理络合铜废水的实验研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在紫外光的作用下对络合铜废水进行光催化反应,分别考察了常温下TiO2投加量、反应时间、废水初始pH值、反应气氛等因素对处理效果的影响,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明:TiO2投加量为2 g/L,废水pH=4,300 W高压汞灯照射下,载入60 mL/min的空气反应40 min,120 mg/L EDTA络合铜废水的Cu(II)与COD的去除率达到最高,分别为96.56%和57.67%。