广东一饮用水源地河流沉积物及鱼体中氟喹诺酮类(FQs)抗生素残留特征研究

本研究对广东一饮用水源保护区的河流氟喹诺酮类(Fluoroquinolones,FQs)抗生素进行分析.采用高效液相色谱法定性定量分析9个沉积物样品和5种鱼肉及1种鱼内脏中3种FQs—诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)、恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)的残留特征,并与沉积物中有机质、总氮、总磷进行Person相关性分析.结果表明:河流沉积物各点平均值NORCIPENR,最大含量分别为:NOR248.25 ng·g-1,CIP 158.69 ng·g-1,ENR 56.81 ng·g-1;FQs和沉积物有机质、总磷相关系数平均为0.946、0.968(p0.01);5种鱼的鱼肉中FQs的含量可能高于或低于沉积物中FQs含量均值;鳙鱼内脏FQs含量是鱼肉中的3.21~9.53倍.研究结果对保障饮用水安全及水产品生态安全具有重要的意义.     

Distribution of quinolone and macrolide resistance genes and their co-occurrence with heavy metal resistance genes in vegetable soils with long-term application of manure

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an increasingly serious global public health issue. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ARB and ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soils with long-term application of manure. Five typical ARGs, four heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The amount of ARB in manure-improved soil greatly exceeded that in control soil, and the bacterial resistance rate decreased significantly with increases in antibiotic concentrations. In addition, the resistance rate of ARB to enrofloxacin (ENR) was lower than that of tylosin (TYL). Real-time qPCR results showed that long-term application of manure enhanced the relative abundance of ARGs in vegetable soils, and the content and proportion of quinolone resistance genes were higher than those of macrolide resistance genes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that qepA and qnrS significantly correlated with total and available amounts of Cu and Zn, highlighting that certain heavy metals can influence persistence of ARGs. Integrase gene intI1 correlated significantly with the relative abundance of qepA, qnrS, and ermF, suggesting that intI1 played an important role in the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Furthermore, there was a weakly but not significantly positive correlation between specific detected MRGs and ARGs and MGEs. The results of this study enhance understanding the potential for increasing ARGs in manure-applied soil, assessing ecological risk and reducing the spread of ARGs.

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基于CMAQ模型的大连市大气氮湿沉降模拟研究

为了探讨大连市大气氮氧化物湿沉降的污染特征,通过监测站采集2012年内大连市的雨水样品,分析了氮氧化物的沉降浓度及沉降规律.同时,采用CMAQ模型MM5气象模式对大连市大气氮湿沉降进行了模拟研究,并在相关模拟模型的预报因子中增加氮氧化物污染源动态变化信息进行修正.结果表明:大连市大气氮湿沉降中硝酸根离子的平均当量浓度值为71.73μeq·L-1,铵根离子为98.91μeq·L-1;大连大气中氮氧化物沉降当量浓度随季节变化明显,且不同时期波动显著.CMAQ模型的模拟结果与实测数据相比存在偏差;经修正后模型模拟的结果更加逼近观测值,充分说明利用该修正模型在一定程度上修正了源清单不确定性对模拟结果造成的影响,利用修正后模型进行模拟具有可靠的准确性与可行性,可为大连市环境影响评估及控制效益评价提供科学依据.     

氧化锰与氧化铈协同等离子体催化氧化甲醇的活性差异研究

在等离子体催化系统中,不同催化剂常表现出显著的性能差异.本文通过表面氧物种表征及臭氧氧化原位反应,探究了α-MnO₂与CeO₂两种常用催化剂在等离子体催化系统中催化氧化甲醇性能差异的本质原因.等离子体催化氧化甲醇的性能评价结果显示,在相同输入功率下CeO₂对甲醇的转化率和CO₂选择性均高于α-MnO₂.氧气程序升温脱附（O₂-TPD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征手段及甲醇常温催化、O₃分解和O₃催化氧化实验结果表明,CeO₂比α-MnO₂拥有更多的表面活性氧,能吸附活化更多的甲醇分子;同时,CeO₂能更有效地利用臭氧分解产生的活性氧物种对甲醇进行深度氧化.进一步通过原位DRIFTS实验研究两种催化剂协同臭氧催化氧化甲醇反应中间产物的变化,结果表明,CeO₂催化剂氧化甲醇的表面副产物较少,而α-MnO₂表面则会累积大量的副产物碳酸盐,从而影响其催化性能.     

基于CDIO的安全工程课程教学改革研究——以《工业通风》为例

为培养符合新工科人才能力要求、工程教育专业认证人才培养要求的安全工程人才,根据CDIO理念以及工业通风课程特征,论文提出以通风系统设计过程为导向的工业通风模块式教学模式,形成了6个基本能力训练项目和1个综合能力训练项目为核心的能力培养体系,提出了能力达成的教学方法以及着重能力培养过程评价的课程考核方法。     

Educational attainment and environmental Kuznets curve in China: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of various levels of education on CO2 emissions in China. Moreover, the study also tested...     

Unveiling the interaction mechanisms of key functional microorganisms in the partial denitrification-anammox process induced by COD

● The availability of PD-anammox was investigated with higher NO₃^––N concentration. ● NO₃^––N concentration affects NO₃^––N accumulation during denitrification. ● COD concentration is determinant for N removal pathways in PD-anammox process. ● The synergy/competition mechanisms between denitrifiers and anammox was explored. Partial denitrification-anammox (PD-anammox) is an innovative process to remove nitrate (NO₃^––N) and ammonia (NH₄⁺–N) simultaneously from wastewater. Stable operation of the PD-anammox process relies on the synergy and competition between anammox bacteria and denitrifiers. However, the mechanism of metabolic between the functional bacteria in the PD-anammox system remains unclear, especially in the treatment of high-strength wastewater. The kinetics of nitrite (NO₂^––N) accumulation during denitrification was investigated using the Michaelis-Menten equation, and it was found that low concentrations of NO₃^––N had a more significant effect on the accumulation of NO₂^––N during denitrification. Organic matter was a key factor to regulate the synergy of anammox and denitrification, and altered the nitrogen removal pathways. The competition for NO₂^––N caused by high COD concentration was a crucial factor that affecting the system stability. Illumina sequencing techniques demonstrated that excess organic matter promoted the relative abundance of the Denitratesoma genus and the nitrite reductase gene nirS, causing the denitrifying bacteria Denitratisoma to compete with Cadidatus Kuenenia for NO₂^––N, thereby affecting the stability of the system. Synergistic carbon and nitrogen removal between partial denitrifiers and anammox bacteria can be effectively achieved by controlling the COD and COD/NO₃^––N.     

基于IIAHP-Entropy-ssd的采空区遗煤自燃危险性评价模型及应用

为了能够对煤矿采空区遗煤自燃危险性进行准确判定，提出基于IIAHP-Entropy-ssd最优综合赋权模糊评价模型。首先，结合影响采空区遗煤的自燃性及环境影响因素，建立危险性评价指标体系，并确定各评价指标的分级准则；其次，利用区间数代替数值评价打分，并运用可能度互补矩阵进行修正的改进区间数层次分析法（IIAHP），结合熵权法（Entropy），根据现场实测数据，得出各评价指标的主、客观权重，并运用离差平方和（ssd）的最大化思想进行最优综合赋权，克服评价过程中主、客观因素对评价结果的影响，运用属性数学理论，建立各评价指标的隶属函数；最后，运用该模型对忻州窑矿8914综放工作面采空区遗煤自燃危险性进行评价，并与现场实际情况进行对比，结果表明:该模型的评价结果与实际情况基本一致，验证了该评价模型的准确性，为采空区遗煤自燃危险性评价提供参考和借鉴思路。     

褐煤低温干燥表面收缩特性实验研究*

为明确褐煤低温（50 ℃以下）干燥引发表面干缩现象的发展规律,采用低温（20~30 ℃）低湿（40%~60%）空气干燥的方式,开展褐煤低温干燥干缩实验,分析干燥与表面收缩规律。结果表明:低温干燥过程中,对水分蒸发速率影响显著的因素是相对湿度而非温度,70%~90%的总水分散失量在干燥初期48 h内蒸发完成,平均含水率低至12.8%;低温干燥导致褐煤发生非均匀性表面干燥收缩,表面干缩经历热胀-快速干缩-收缩稳定3个阶段,水分快速蒸发散失的前48 h干缩率低,之后进入水分蒸发速率显著降低而干缩率持续升高,最终至收缩稳定,低速蒸发阶段发生显著干缩;表面干燥收缩率与散失水分质量具有显著的正相关性,与水分含量和蒸发速率具有显著负相关性。     

水化煤饱和-风干过程的自燃特性实验研究

为了掌握水化煤饱和-风干过程中不同风干时间煤样的自燃特性,对水化煤样进行不同风干时间的实验煤样预处理,形成不同风干时间的水化煤样。通过煤样含水率测试、物理吸附实验和程序升温实验,对不同饱和-风干时间的水化煤样以及原煤样的吸氧量和CO,CO2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H8气体浓度随煤温的变化规律进行实验研究。研究结果表明:不同风干时间水化煤样随着煤温的逐渐升高,吸氧量呈先减小后增大趋势;不同风干时间的水化煤样的自燃标志性气体析出速率随煤温的升高均呈指数增大的变化趋势;在低温氧化阶段,水化煤样比原煤反应时间提前,且反应速率更快,这表明水化煤样比原煤样更加容易发生自燃,且风干时间为20 min的水化煤危险性更大。