The Impact of Unilateral Commitment on Transboundary Pollution

To reach a common target of environmental quality, countries can choose to commit to a stream of pollution abatement right from the beginning of the game or decide upon abatement at each moment of time. Though most of the previous literature studies homogeneous strategies where no country or all countries commit to a (same) predefined policy, reality goes along a different way: some countries make more efforts than others to reduce pollutant emission. The main novelty of this paper resides in the introduction of this kind of heterogeneous strategic behavior currently observed among large pollution nations. We find that the pollution level can be lower under heterogeneous than under homogeneous strategies. A stringent environmental quality target will induce the committed player to produce an abatement effort that more than compensates the free-riding attitude of the non-committed player.     

Morphology,pore size distribution,and nutrient characteristics in biochars under different pyrolysis temperatures and atmospheres

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To evaluate the agronomic potential of biochar, we prepared a series of biochars using rice straw waste under the limited oxygen cracking condition...     

灰色综合评价法在电梯维保质量评价中的应用

电梯维护保养质量评价是一项评价指标多,指标间关系复杂,评判结论模糊的工作。应用灰色综合评价法对解决以上工作中的难点有很好的效果。本文介绍了灰色综合评价法的基本思想和原理,给出了灰色评价法指标体系的构造方法、计算过程以及关联系数计算公式的分辨系数选取原则。通过实例分析,得出电梯维护保养质量评价中应用灰色综合评价法的特点和要注意的事项。     

中国矿山环境治理恢复保证金制度

由于中国当前的矿山环境保护政策尚不能从根本上解决矿山环境的主要问题,作为责任主体的矿山企业不能积极主动实施矿山环境治理与恢复。矿山环境治理恢复保证金是为了保证采矿权人履行矿山环境治理恢复义务而缴纳的资金。建立矿山环境治理恢复保证金制度就是为了贯彻"谁污染、谁治理;谁破坏,谁恢复"的环保原则,促进采矿权人在采矿过程中保护矿山环境,并确保在闭坑、停办、关闭后受破坏的矿山生态环境得到治理恢复的一项特别的经济手段和措施。实施保证金制度可以更好地促进矿产资源开发的外部成本内部化,是矿山环境保护必要且有效的形式。     

空白值校正法无汞快速测定地表水化学需氧量

探讨了K2Cr2O7在不同酸度的硫酸介质中的化学行为,确定9 mol/L H2SO4为K2Cr2O7法测定地表水COD的合理酸度。多种有机物消解试验及半年多地表水样跟踪检测,将消解回流时间从2小时缩短到30分钟之内是可行的。氯离子(Cl-)干扰可用生成AgCl沉淀和空白值校正的办法消除。此方法的检出下限是11mg/L,样品测定的加标回收率在96%～101%。此方法不仅缩短了回流时间、减少了汞带来的二次污染,从而实现无汞快速测定地表水COD。     

企业清洁生产审计运行机制研究

科学发展观的提出贯彻了协调经济发展与环境保护的理念,清洁生产审计则是控制和防范污染的有效管理措施之一,了解清洁生产审计的运行机制并保证其有效实施对中国可持续发展的战略目标至关重要。首先分析了清洁生产审计在国内外研究、发展现状,在综合考虑相关制约因素的茂盛是构建了企业清洁生产审计的运行机制,最后,为保障清洁生产审计运行机制的有效实施,提出了五点保障措施。     

太湖流域水资源可持续利用评价研究

为了全面了解太湖流域水资源开发利用状况,加强流域水资源综合管理,根据水资源可持续利用的涵义和太湖流域的实际情况,构建太湖流域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评判法和灰色关联分析法分别对太湖流域2008年水资源可持续利用状况进行评价,两种模型计算结果均表明,2008年太湖流域水资源可持续利用处于中上水平,其主要制约因素主要表现在水环境状况和水生态状况问题较为严重。     

AMBBR工艺处理城市污水

通过对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器处理南方热带亚热带地区城市生活污水的试验研究,采用好氧-厌氧两个阶段进行挂膜试验以缩短挂膜时间,探讨了水力停留时间(HRT)、pH值、填料填充率对反应器处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:在HRT为12 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(氨氮)为15 mg/L,50%的填料填充率,pH=7的工艺条件下,装置对COD去除率为51.2%,对氨氮去除率为40.8%,对TN去除率为38.1%。     

Water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element method

For natural water, method of water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is presented. Two important parts are improved, the weights determining and fuzzy membership functions. The coefficient of variation of each indicator is used to determine the weight instead of traditional calculating superscales method. On the other hand, fuzzy matter-elements are constructed, and normal membership degrees are used instead of traditional trapezoidal ones. The composite fuzzy matter-elements with associated coefficient are constructed through associated transformation. The levels of natural water quality are determined according to the principle of maximum correlation. The improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is applied to evaluate water quality of the Luokou mainstream estuary at the first ten weeks in 2011 with the coefficient of variation method determining the weights. Water quality of Luokou mainstream estuary is dropping from level I to level II. The results of the improved evaluation method are basically the same as the official water quality. The variation coefficient method can reduce the workload, and overcome the adverse effects from abnormal values, compared with the traditional calculating superscales method. The results of improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method are more credible than the ones of the traditional evaluation method. The improved evaluation method can use information of monitoring data more scientifically and comprehensively, and broaden a new evaluation method for water quality assessment.