微生物-化学水解联合作用下烟嘧磺隆的降解

从被烟嘧磺隆污染的人工湿地土壤中分离出1株能够在葡萄糖存在下降解烟嘧磺隆的微生物,通过16S rDNA序列同源相似性分析,初步鉴定该微生物为Klebsiella sp..它能够以烟嘧磺隆为唯一氮源生长,其最适生长条件为:温度35℃,初始pH为中性偏酸.水解试验表明,烟嘧磺隆在中性和碱性条件下比较稳定,在酸性条件下水解较快.生物降解试验发现,当培养液中葡萄糖浓度为5 g.L-1时,在温度35℃、初始pH为7的条件下培养10 d后烟嘧磺隆有99.4%得到降解,同时溶液的pH从7.0降低至4.0;而降低葡萄糖浓度分别为500 mg.L-1和100 mg.L-1时,培养10 d后烟嘧磺隆的降解率仅为11.7%和6.6%,溶液的pH始终在7左右.进一步研究表明烟嘧磺隆的降解是由于微生物代谢葡萄糖产生了酸性环境,pH降低引起了烟嘧磺隆水解,菌种对烟嘧磺隆降解的实质是微生物-化学水解联合作用.     

基于抗氧化酶和磷酸戊糖的克雷伯氏杆菌重金属抗性机理

为了探索克雷伯氏杆菌的重金属抗性机理,提取Ag+、Pb2+和Cr3+胁迫后克雷伯氏杆菌的胞内蛋白,利用双向电泳技术和质谱技术分离、解析、鉴定特异性蛋白质斑点。结果表明,不同重金属离子胁迫后克雷伯氏杆菌的蛋白质斑点在数量和表达量上有较大的差异,但存在3个表达新增和10个表达关闭的共同蛋白斑点,质谱鉴定结果表明特异表达蛋白质与抗氧化系统、能量代谢调节机制有关。研究表明,克雷伯氏杆菌受到重金属胁迫后启动过氧化氢酶的表达,同时通过关闭胞内原有碳分解代谢途径、开启磷酸戊糖途径等相应的应急系统获取能量,降低重金属离子对细胞的毒害作用。     

Bacteria on housefly eggs, Musca domestica, suppress fungal growth in chicken manure through nutrient depletion or antifungal metabolites

Female houseflies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), lay their eggs in ephemeral resources such as animal manure. Hatching larvae compete for essential nutrients with fungi that also colonize such resources. Both the well-known antagonistic relationship between bacteria and fungi and the consistent presence of the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca on housefly eggs led us to hypothesize (1) that K. oxytoca, and possibly other bacteria on housefly eggs, help curtail the growth of fungal resource competitors and (2) that such fungi indeed adversely affect the development of housefly larvae. Bacteria washed from housefly eggs significantly reduced the growth of fungi in chicken manure. Nineteen bacterial strains and ten fungal strains were isolated from housefly eggs or chicken manure, respectively. Co-culturing each of all the possible bacterium–fungus pairs revealed that the bacteria as a group, but no single bacterium, significantly suppressed the growth of all fungal strains tested. The bacteria's adverse effect on fungi is due to resource nutrient depletion and/or the release of antifungal chemicals. Well-established fungi in resources significantly reduced the number of larval offspring that completed development to adult flies. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

促进氰钴胺素转化为腺苷钴胺素的基因表达与鉴定

辅酶B12作为甘油脱水酶(GDHt)的辅酶参与到Klebsiella pneumoniae代谢甘油生成1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)和3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的途径中.前期研究表明底物甘油可以导致辅酶B12分子中Co—C键的断裂,进而引起GDHt的失活.为进一步研究非活性的维生素B12(CNCbI)转化为具有活性的辅酶B12(AdoCbI)的过程,从K.pneumoniae中克隆得到了ATP:钴(I)胺素腺苷转移酶(ACA)基因btuR和还原酶基因yciK,并成功构建了双启动子表达质粒pUC18-tac-btuR-tac-yciK,将表达质粒转化Escherichia coli JM109获得了一株重组菌.利用改进的分析方法,结果表明:1)重组蛋白具有腺苷转移酶的活性;2)重组菌可以很好地将非活性的钴胺素,如维生素B12,转化生成具有活性的辅酶B12.     

产气肠杆菌(KLE-1)絮凝特性的研究

从土壤中筛选出一株产生菌KLE-1,经鉴定该菌株为产气肠杆菌(Klebsiella mobilis)．利用乳品废水作为发酵培养基,该菌株产生多糖类微生物絮凝剂;Ca^2 对该絮凝剂的助絮凝效果优于其它金属阳离子;采用红外扫描、zeta电位测定仪对絮凝机理进行研究,表明该絮凝剂主要以架桥作用为主．     

氮源对克雷伯氏菌NⅢ2分泌絮凝剂特性的影响

实验研究了蔗糖为碳源,硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵等氮源对NⅢ2发酵产絮凝剂的影响。结果表明,发酵液起始pH值为7.50,以硝酸钠为氮源,发酵液pH会上升,升至7.60～8.34时,NⅢ2菌株开始大量分泌微生物絮凝剂,发酵72 h,产量可达7.5 g/L,该产量是目前报道的克雷伯氏菌产絮凝剂的最高值。脲为氮源,pH则下降,降至5.04～6.49时,大量分泌絮凝剂,发酵72 h产量达5.2 g/L。蛋白胨、氯化铵和硫酸铵等为氮源时,pH下降十分明显,pH小于3.71时有絮凝剂分泌,发酵72 h产量约2.0 g/L或更小。以硝酸钠和脲为氮源时,发酵液中有黄色物质分泌,该黄色物质出现或黄色逐渐加深,是NⅢ2菌高产絮凝剂的标志。除硫酸铵外,其他氮源发酵所产絮凝剂为O-糖蛋白。当以硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵为氮源时,絮凝剂中蛋白的含量分别为9.55%、33.28%、19.39%、13.81%和15.51%,且蛋白含量越高,絮凝剂活性越大。     

Biodegradation of Chlorimuron-ethyl by the Bacterium Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3

Enrichment culturing of sludge taken from an industrial wastewater treatment pond led to the identification of a bacterium (Klebsiella jilinsis H. Zhang) that degrades chlorimuron-ethyl with high efficiency. Klebsiella jilinsis strain 2N3 grows with chlorimuron-ethyl as the sole nitrogen source at the optimal temperature range of 30–35°C and pH values between 6.0–7.0. In liquid medium, the degradation activity was further induced by chlorimuron-ethyl. Degradation rates followed the pesticide degradation kinetic equation at concentrations between 20 and 200 mg L^?1. Using initial concentrations of 20 and 100 mg L^?1, the degradation rates of chlorimuron-ethyl were 83.5 % and 92.5 % in 12 hours, respectively. At an initial concentration higher than 200 mg L^?1, the degradation rate decreased slightly as the concentration increased. The 2N3 strain also degraded the sulfonylurea herbicides ethametsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl. This study provides scientific evidence and support for the application of K. jilinsis in bioremediation to reduce environmental pollution.     

产酸克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella oxytoca对硝基苯及4-氯硝基苯的降解

硝基苯类化合物生物降解菌的筛选及性能研究，是制药、染料等行业废水达标的重要基础。以浓度梯度升高法筛选到一株硝基苯厌氧降解菌Klebsiella oxytoca NBA-1。考察了该菌对氧气的需求，以及在厌氧条件下，温度、pH值、外加葡萄糖及硝基苯初始浓度等环境因子对菌株降解硝基苯能力的影响，并进一步讨论菌株对氯取代硝基苯类化合物的降解情况。结果表明，该菌在厌氧条件下生长比好氧条件下慢，但降解速度更快；厌氧降解硝基苯的最佳pH值和温度和分别为8.3和30~35℃；加入0.3%~0.5%的葡萄糖可促进降解，且对300 mg/L以下的硝基苯均有降解能力；该菌能将4-氯硝基苯转化为4-氯苯胺，并进一步脱氯为苯胺。研究结果可为硝基苯及含氯硝基苯的处理工艺选择提供相关的参考依据。     

克雷伯氏菌对三苯基锡的酶促降解特性

研究了肺炎克雷伯氏菌对三苯基锡(TPhT)的酶促降解性能,并对酶促反应影响因素的作用机制进行了探讨,以期为阐明有机锡的微生物降解机制提供实验依据.研究证明,菌体、分泌物和胞内降解酶均具有降解TPhT的能力,在30℃转速为130.rm in-1的摇床中避光处理2 h后,对3 mg.L-1TPhT的降解率分别为10.9%、5.3%和47.9%.影响因素实验表明,降解介质、pH、温度、TPhT浓度和金属离子均会对TPhT的酶促降解效果产生影响,其中TPhT酶促反应的最适pH和温度分别为8和50℃.Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+和Fe3+在合适的浓度范围内,均会促进TPhT的降解.当Mg2+的浓度为15 mg.L-1时,胞内酶对TPhT的降解率高达73.8%.金属离子的促进效果主要与其对酶的激活、作为电子受体或电子供体参与TPhT酶促降解等作用有关.TPhT的降解速率与其浓度呈现理想的线性关系.该反应的Vm ax和Km分别为0.15 mg.(L.m in)-1和47.1 mg.L-1.     

金属离子对三苯基锡酶促降解的影响

研究了不同金属离子及其添加形式对肺炎克雷伯氏菌胞内酶和胞外酶降解三苯基锡的影响,以期为阐明有机锡的酶促降解机制提供实验依据.结果表明,菌体对K+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Ca2+、Fe3+具有良好的耐受能力,高浓度的Zn2+、Fe2+可能对菌体产生一定的毒害作用,从而影响其生长.适当浓度范围的K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Cu...