餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化产沼气的试验研究

探究了温度、含固率、pH及接种率对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产沼量的影响,并设计L9(34)正交试验进行厌氧发酵工艺优化研究。结果表明,在温度为55℃、含固率为8%(质量分数)、pH为7.00、接种率为90%(质量分数)时,厌氧发酵累积产沼量为809.0mL/g(以挥发性固体计);各影响因素对产沼量的影响大小为温度pH接种率含固率。     

Methods for the preparation of a biodesulfurization biocatalyst using Rhodococcus sp

Several methods to prepare a biodesulfurization (BDS) biocatalyst were investigated in this study using a strain of Rhodococcus sp. 1awq. This bacterium could selectively remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the "4S" pathway. DBT, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium sulphate and mixed sulfur sources were used to study their influence on cell density, desulfurization activity, desulfurization ability, and the cost of biocatalyst production. In contrast to that observed from bacteria cultured in DBT, only partial desulfurization activity of strain 1awq was induced by DBT after cultivation in a medium containing inorganic sulfur as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst, prepared from culture with mixed sulfur sources, was found to possess desulfurization activity. With DMSO as the sole sulfur source, the desulfurization activity was shown to be similar to that of bacteria incubated in medium with DBT as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst prepared by this method with the least cost could remove sulfur from hydrodesulfurization (HDS)-treated diesel oil efficiently, providing a total desulfurization percent of 78% and suggesting its cost-effective advantage.     

低温降解六六六优势菌种的选育研究

通过实验,筛选出低温条件(≤10℃)下降解六六六的优势菌株--1号菌株,同时利用正交实验测得该菌株的最佳降解条件为:pH=5.5、接菌量2 g/L、NH4Cl 0.8 g/L、KH2PO4 0.6 g/L、MgSO4 0.2 g/L.在此条件下,经30 d驯化后的菌株对六六六的降解率由原来的54.71%提高到62.58%     

城市污水石灰法深度处理工艺中有毒物质的变化规律

分别采用7-乙氧基异酚恶唑酮．脱乙基酶（EROD）活性测定法，重组人激素受体基因的酵母测试和Q67发光菌试验方法，对北京市某生活污水处理厂的进水、二沉出水以及经过石灰法深度处理后的出水中的类二恶英物质、类雌激素物质和急性毒性物质进行了分析。进水中的三类生物毒性效应物质中的急性毒性物质，可通过活性污泥法基本去除，而对类雌激素物质和类二恶英物质的去除率分别为76％和52％。经过石灰沉淀法的深度处理后，可使上述两类物质的总去除率达到95％和68％。出水中的雌激素当量水平与欧洲国家污水处理厂出水水平相当，而类二恶英物质的总浓度低于美国EPA饮用水中二恶英的最大允许浓度。展示了生物毒性测试方法在排水生态风险和工艺评价方面的应用潜力。     

A/O脱氮工艺的控制策略和应用性研究

根据A/O脱氮工艺的运行状况和影响因素 ,提出了应用在线传感器连续测定曝气池中DO浓度、氨氮浓度和硝酸氮浓度 ,并据此调节供氧强度、内循环回流量、有机碳源的投加以及硝化区和反硝化区的大小 ,这是保证A/O脱氮工艺良好处理效果的重要控制策略和思想。同时对近年来国外A/O脱氮工艺自动控制的应用及研究进行了简单的回顾。     

粘土矿物与重金属界面反应的研究进展

介绍了3种粘土吸附剂：蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石对重金属的吸附、脱附等界面反应机理，以及粘土矿物对重金属的选择性及对吸附的影响因素。另外，还探讨了为提高其吸附性能而进行的改性方法。     

MnO2负载树脂的制备及对As（V）的去除效果

制备了大孔和DH302 2种MnO2的负载树脂。并用SEM、EDS手段表征了负载树脂，实验了负载MnO2后树脂对As（V）的去除效果。结果表明：负载树脂对As（V）的去除效果比原树脂有很大提高；吸附As（V）后的2种负载树脂，均能较好地解吸并可重新用于对As（V）的吸附实验。     

O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物，探讨并建立了O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法。结果表明，水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件，另外，H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性。对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内，H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20-30倍（质量比）之间为宜。这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3／H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义。     

Cu,Cr and As distribution in soils adjacent to pressure-treated decks,fences and poles

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood has been widely used in the Southeastern United States to protect wood products from microbial and fungal decay. The aims of this study were to (1). determine the distribution of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu), in soils surrounding CCA-treated wood structures such as decks, fences and poles; and (2). evaluate the impacts of these structures on As, Cr and Cu loading of the soils. Profile and lateral soil samples were collected under CCA-treated decks and adjacent to poles and fences. The results showed elevation of As, Cr and Cu concentrations close to and under the structures, with mean As concentrations as high as 23 mg x kg(-1) close to utility poles compared with less than 3 mg x kg (-1) at distances of about 1.5 m away. Concentrations of As, Cr, and Cu decreased with depth in areas close to CCA-treated poles. However, these results were only apparent in relatively new structures. A combination of weathering and leaching with time may have reduced the impact in older poles. Increased concentrations of As, Cu and Cr were also observed close to CCA-treated decks and fences, with age showing a similar impact. These results are helpful for CCA-treated wood product users to determine the safe use of these structures.     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...