混凝-生物接触氧化法处理城市污水的研究

采用混凝-生物接触氧化法处理生活小区废水,考察了不同混凝剂用量对COD、NH4-N、SS、TP的去除效果,同时研究了生物接触氧化法对COD、NH4-N等的去除以及耐冲击负荷能力.结果表明,随混凝剂用量的增加,COD、SS、TP的去除率随之增加,生物接触氧化法具有较高的抗冲击负荷能力,最大NH4-N去除负荷达到0.55 kg/(m3·d),最大有机去除负荷达到4.32 kg/(m3·d)     

生物膜填料塔SO2废气净化性能研究

采用生物膜填料塔净化SO2废气,研究结果表明:当气体流量从100L/h增加到300L/h时,SO2净化效率由86.4%下降到73.2%;生化去除量随着入口SO2气体浓度的升高而增大;随着温度的升高,SO2净化效率和生化去除量都随之提高,且20℃以上时,净化效率可达90.9%以上,生化去除量可达75 mg/L·h以上,更利于微生物降解SO2.     

林可霉素制药废水的臭氧氧化处理

考察了臭氧氧化对林可霉素的效价削减效果。在初始抗生素浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹时,林可霉素效价削减50%所需消耗的臭氧量为0.118 mg·mg⁻¹抗生素,降解过程符合一级降解动力学特征。进一步采用林可霉素实际废水考察了污水化学需氧量(COD)和pH对抗生素臭氧氧化处理的影响,发现废水的COD每增加100 mg·L⁻¹,则单位抗生素实现50%削减需要增加的臭氧量约为1.64 mg。碱性条件下,臭氧可催化分解生成羟基自由基等活性基团而加速林可霉素的降解。同时,臭氧氧化后林可霉素生产废水的厌氧可生化性提高了98.51%。研究结果可以为林可霉素生产废水的处理技术选择提供参考。     

Characteristic and mechanism of sorption and desorption of benzene on humic acid

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sorption/desorption behaviors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on soil organic matter (SOM) have a significant influence on...     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

厌氧+跌水曝气+人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水

为研发适用于我国农村的分散式污水处理装置,采用厌氧+跌水曝气+人工湿地组合工艺对农村生活污水进行处理,考察组合工艺对COD、TN、TP、NH4+-N、SS 5个常规指标的去除效果及对各指标的沿程去除情况。结果表明,组合工艺对COD、TN、TP、NH4+-N和SS的平均去除率分别为74.5%、57.2%、59.5%、59.00%和91.6%。人工湿地对COD、TN、TP和NH4+-N的去除率最大,分别为31.0%、36.7%、43.9%和30.0%;而厌氧反应池对SS去除贡献率最大,为40.3%。该组合工艺处理农村生活污水具有良好的处理效果,且装置运行能耗低,利于推广应用。     

工业化规模超声波预处理对不同固体浓度污泥厌氧消化性能的影响

针对活性污泥厌氧消化水解速率慢的问题,通过工业化规模超声波反应器对不同固体浓度污泥开展了破解研究。采用粒径分析及溶解性COD、蛋白质和多糖浓度监测的方法研究了超声波破解前后污泥物理化学特性的变化;评估了超声波破解对污泥厌氧消化产甲烷潜力及有机物降解规律的影响。结果表明：工业化规模超声波破解不同固体浓度污泥后,污泥粒径均有所降低,而溶解性COD、蛋白质和多糖的浓度均有增加;超声波对污泥的破解程度与破解时间和固体浓度有关,其随破解时间增加而增加,随污泥固体浓度增加而减弱;超声波破解固体浓度2%和4%的污泥30 min后,累积甲烷产率分别提升41.2%和30.2%,当破解时间和固体浓度进一步增加时,污泥甲烷产率无明显变化。本研究结果可为超声波破解污泥技术的工业化应用提供参考。     

Validation of temporal and spatial consistency of facility- and speed-specific vehicle-specific power distributions for emission estimation: A case study in Beijing,China

Vehicle-specific power (VSP) has been found to be highly correlated with vehicle emissions. It is used in many studies on emission modeling such as the MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) model. The existing studies develop specific VSP distributions (or OpMode distribution in MOVES) for different road types and various average speeds to represent the vehicle operating modes on road. However, it is still not clear if the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions are consistent temporally and spatially. For instance, is it necessary to update periodically the database of the VSP distributions in the emission model? Are the VSP distributions developed in the city central business district (CBD) area applicable to its suburb area? In this context, this study examined the temporal and spatial consistency of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions in Beijing. The VSP distributions in different years and in different areas are developed, based on real-world vehicle activity data. The root mean square error (RMSE) is employed to quantify the difference between the VSP distributions. The maximum differences of the VSP distributions between different years and between different areas are approximately 20% of that between different road types. The analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission factor indicates that the temporal and spatial differences of the VSP distributions have no significant impact on vehicle emission estimation, with relative error of less than 3%.

Implications: The temporal and spatial differences have no significant impact on the development of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions for the vehicle emission estimation. The database of the specific VSP distributions in the VSP-based emission models can maintain in terms of time. Thus, it is unnecessary to update the database regularly, and it is reliable to use the history vehicle activity data to forecast the emissions in the future. In one city, the areas with less data can still develop accurate VSP distributions based on better data from other areas.     

江苏省某镇土壤重金属污染评价

为了解江苏省某镇表层土壤重金属污染特征,采集并测定了190个土壤样品的As、Cd、Hg和Pb 4种重金属含量,分析土壤重金属的分布特征,综合运用内梅罗综合污染指数法和污染负荷指数法两种评价方法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明：该镇表层土壤中As、Cd和Pb含量平均值高于土壤背景值,Hg与之相反。4种重金属都是主要受到点源污染的影响,其中As的高含量区主要分布在镇的正西边,Cd和Pb的高含量区主要分布在镇的中心区域,Hg的高含量区主要分布在东部以及东北区域。经内梅罗综合污染指数法评价,安全、警戒线、轻污染、中污染和重污染样点的比例分别为5.79%、32.11%、52.11%、4.74%和5.26%。经污染负荷指数法评价,无污染、轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染样点的比例分别为73.69%、25.26%、1.05%和0%。在内梅罗综合污染指数法和污染负荷指数法评价的结果中,有55.26%的样点评价结果相同,而44.74%的样点不同,但都显示出污染程度从镇中心向四周逐渐降低的变化态势。     

自然生态系统中含硫气体的产生机理与环境归趋

基于当前可获得的与该课题相关的资料 ,本文综述了陆地生态系统产生挥发性含硫气体的微观和宏观机理过程。讨论了控制生物硫气体产生的环境因素。阐述了含硫气体释放进入大气后的环境归趋