Effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids on soil solution properties of a heavy metal polluted soil

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) on the pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals in the soil solution in the rhizosphere of Brassica juncea grown in a paddy soil contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The results show that EDTA and LMWOA have no effect on the soil solution pH. EDTA addition significantly increased the TOC concentrations in the soil solution. The TOC concentrations in treatments with EDTA were significantly higher than those in treatments with LMWOA. Adding 3 mmol kg(-1) EDTA to the soil markedly increased the total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil solution. Compared to EDTA, LMWOA had a very small effect on the metal concentrations. Total concentrations in the soil solution followed the sequence: EDTA > citric acid (CA) approximately oxalic acid (OA) approximately malic acid (MA) for Cu and Pb; EDTA > MA > CA approximately OA for Zn; and EDTA > MA > CA > OA for Cd. The labile concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd showed similar trends to the total concentrations.     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

给水厂铁铝泥构建过滤柱去除富营养化河水中过量磷

为避免因FAS释放过量有机物和氮而产生的潜在不利影响,分析了以给水厂铁铝泥(FAS)构建过滤柱处理富营养化河水的特征与机制,研究了以厌氧热处理改性后的FAS作为辅助基质(2%)构建过滤柱。结果表明：在对其他性质无影响的情况下,FAS的添加显著提高了过滤柱对水体中磷的去除率,促使出水磷浓度在整个运行期间小于0.01 mg·L-1;被FAS吸附的磷主要以NaOH提取态、HCl可提取态和残渣态存在。高通量测序分析结果表明,FAS的添加促使过滤柱中富集了Rhodoplanes、Sulfuritalea、Nitrospira、Leucobacter、Geobacter、Dechloromonas等有助于生物地球化学循环和复合污染控制的菌群。FAS作为辅助基质构建过滤柱可有效控制富营养化河水中磷污染。     

两级自养反硝化实现垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮

针对目前生物工艺难以解决垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的问题,探究了短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化(两级自养)工艺处理高氨氮、低C/N比垃圾渗滤液的脱氮效果。结果表明, 当进水垃圾渗滤液中氨氮平均浓度为2 560 mg·L⁻¹,COD值为4 000~5 000 mg·L⁻¹时,经过短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理后,总氮去除负荷可达1.19 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹、总氮去除率可达93.1%(出水TN=176.3 mg·L⁻¹)、COD去除率可达52.2%。但是,厌氧氨氧化反应器出水中${\rm{NO}}_x^{-} $-N浓度为154.5 mg·L⁻¹,仍未达到我国生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理排放标准(TN≤40 mg·L⁻¹)。在厌氧氨氧化反应器之后串联硫自养反硝化,整体工艺最终出水${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N、${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $-N、${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $-N平均浓度分别为1.9、0.6、9.7 mg·L⁻¹,TN≤15 mg·L⁻¹,进水总氮去除率为99.5%。在短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化两级自养深度脱氮反应系统中实现了垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮。     

铁炭内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理阿维菌素废水的试验研究

血清瓶毒性试验表明 ,AVM对厌氧消化产生强烈的抑制作用。AVM废水经铁炭内电解预处理后 ,COD和AVM的去除率分别达到 19.5 %和 6 8.5 % ,可大大降低废水的毒性。预处理出水再经UASB +生物接触氧化反应器进一步处理 ,当生化系统进水COD为 6 0 0 0— 6 5 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD为 2 5 0— 2 80mg/L ,总COD去除率达到 95 .6 % ,出水达到生物制药行业排放标准     

用作固定SRB碳源的玉米芯的最佳改性条件

针对现阶段玉米芯作为SRB污泥颗粒内聚碳源所带来碳源释放不佳的问题,选用碱性H2O2对玉米芯进行改性,制备成SRB污泥颗粒处理AMD,经过单因素实验和正交实验分析,对玉米芯的最佳改性条件进行研究。结果表明,当玉米芯改性时间24 h,NaOH浓度为6%,H2O2浓度为1.5%,可制得最佳改性玉米芯。制备成SRB污泥颗粒处理AMD后,SO42-、Mn2+和Fe2+去除率分别为93%、78%和95%,较未改性提高了29%、3%和23%;COD释放量为215 mg·L-1,较未改性减少了545 mg·L-1;Fe2+剩余量为1.5 mg·L-1,较未改性减少了1.1 mg·L-1;溶液pH为7.8。同时经SEM和XRD分析,发现改性玉米芯颗粒较未改性玉米芯颗粒相比,内部结构变得的疏松多孔,且大分子物质被分解为小分子物质,可以更好被SRB所利用。说明了该改性法可以改善玉米芯的碳释性能,为微生物处理AMD的工程应用提供技术参考。     

沙柳活性炭纤维的制备与表征

以（NH4）2HPO4活化沙柳纤维制备活性炭纤维,L16（45）正交实验优化制备工艺条件,重点研究了活化温度对活性炭纤维结构的影响。同时应用扫描电镜（SEM）对其表面形貌进行表征,通过N2吸附-脱附测定其孔结构。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,活性炭得率逐渐减小,碘吸附值先增大后减小,在浸渍比2.5：1、预氧化温度200℃、预氧化时间90 min、活化温度为800℃、活化时间60 min的条件下,可以制备出比表面积为1 304 m2·g-1、总孔容为1.004 cm3·g-1、得率为31.6%、碘吸附值为1 321 mg·g-1的纤维状活性炭。     

Field crops (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. and Brassica chinensis L.) for phytoremediation of cadmium and nitrate co-contaminated soils via rotation with Sedum alfredii Hance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation coupled with crop rotation (PCC) is a feasible strategy for remediation of contaminated soil without interrupting crop production....