Sirenomelia,the mermaid syndrome—detection in the first trimester

The sirenomelia sequence with fusion, rotation, hypotrophy or atrophy of the lower limbs in combination with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations is a rare and usually lethal disorder. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman, who was referred to our department because of an intraabdominal cystic structure in the 9th week of gestation. Subsequent scans confirmed the diagnosis of a sirenomelia sequence with the fusion of the lower extremities without fusion of the bones according to Stocker I classification. The size of the intraabdominal cyst decreased during follow-up. After counseling, termination of pregnancy was induced. The postmortem X-ray confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis. The exact etiological mechanism of this malformation is still unknown. An early alteration of the embryological vascular network damaging the caudal mesoderm is thought to lead to arrested development of the lower limbs and other affected organs. The cyst we saw in the 9th week might fit with this theory, either as an expression of the complex malformation of the lower abdomen or as the sonographic appearance of necrosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

First trimester diagnosis of sirenomelia

We present a case of sirenomelia diagnosed on a first trimester ultrasound at 10 weeks' gestation and confirmed on 3D-ultrasound and MRI. The pregnancy was terminated at 15 gestational weeks and the post-mortem examination, including RX and microscopy, is presented. The sirenomelia sequence is a rare and lethal anomaly characterized by fusion, rotation, hypotrophy or atrophy of the lower limbs and severe urogenital abnormalities leading to oligohydramnios in the second half of pregnancy. Our case illustrates that the diagnosis of sirenomelia can be reliably made in the first trimester. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Type II single umbilical artery (persistent vitelline artery) in an otherwise normal fetus

A single umbilical artery resulting from absence of the umbilical arteries and persistence of the vitelline artery that arises directly from the abdominal aorta has been described only in malformed fetuses with sirenomelia or caudal regression. Such an aberrant artery was suggested to be the etiology of sirenomelia caused by a ‘steal’ mechanism of blood flow from the caudal end of the embryo. We present a case in which prenatal ultrasound showed a similar aberrant single artery arising from the abdominal aorta in an otherwise normal fetus with a normal course of pregnancy. This vessel, a continuation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), corresponds to a persistent vitelline artery assuming the function of the umbilical arteries. The etiology of such a finding and its possible consequences are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近似熵在三江平原地下水埋深序列复杂性分析中的应用

在高强度农业开发、气候等因素影响下,三江平原地下水资源系统越来越具有复杂系统特征。为此,以建三江分局为例,采用近似熵方法对建三江分局7个生产队的地下水埋深序列复杂性进行了测度分析。结果表明,各地下水埋深序列的复杂性排序为:前进农场4队＞七星农场69队＞前进农场22队＞八五九农场1队＞八五九农场26队＞前进农场11队＞八五九农场21队,地下水开采是影响地下水动态变化的关键因素。研究成果揭示了当地地下水资源复杂动力系统本质,为建三江分局乃至整个三江平原地下水资源科学管理提供了决策依据。     

东亚春季边界层臭氧的数值模拟研究

利用嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPMS)对2004年4月东亚边界层(距地面.km以下)臭氧进行了数值模拟.并评估了东亚边界层光化学反应的活性.结果表明.东亚春季臭氧呈带状分布,其高值.〔φ(O3)>55×10-9.主要集中在30°N～40°N.受东亚季风气候控制.沿蒙古、中国东北以及日本一线有一强臭氧输送通道.输送通量达3×10-.mol/(m2·s).通过计算边界层O3光化学净生成率可知.光化学影响主要集中在高污染源排放地区.其与水平输送对臭氧影响的分布具有负相关性.说明光化学生成的O3可被输送至下风地区,而不仅限于局地.      

北京市SARS病例数与空气污染指数的相关性探讨

运用数理统计方法对北京市2003-04-28-05-24新增SARS确诊病例数与空气污染指数分3个阶段进行了相关性分析,发现可吸人颗粒物与SARS病例之间具有高度的相关性.这一期间,北京市SARS病例数与被确诊为SARS患者的前第4天或第5天的污染指数相关性最好.出现这一现象的机理目前尚不清楚,笔者对进一步研究提出了建议.      

气象因素与早稻产量因子的相关性分析

为了探明气象因素对南方稻区早稻产量因子及产量的影响,应用杂交早稻组合金优402于2003—2009年种植在湖南省内7个生态点的产量因子和相应的气象数据,建立早稻不同生育时期的日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、相对湿度和日照时数等气象因素与总苗数、成穗率、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重等产量因子的回归方程,研究影响湖南早稻产量因子的主要气象因素及其敏感时期。结果表明:移栽后24～27 d的低温阴雨导致早稻分蘖数不足;分蘖成穗率主要受移栽后33～41 d的气温和日照时数影响,随温度升高和日照时数延长而升高;每穗总粒数与始穗前9～1 d的日均温、始穗前9～4 d的日最高气温及始穗前10～5 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与此期的相对湿度呈负相关;结实率与始穗前14～9 d的日均温、日最低气温呈正相关,而与始穗前9～5 d的日最高气温和日照时数表现为负相关;千粒重与始穗前25～20 d的相对湿度、始穗后14～20 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与始穗前25～20 d的日均温、始穗后17～22d的日最低气温表现出负相关。     

文山城区空气污染变化趋势分析

1996～2000年,文山城区大气中主要污染物降尘、TSP、SO2均为平稳偏下降趋势."九五"期间大气质量比"八五"期间有明显好转,大气污染综合评价为重污染上升为中度污染.     

Time and timing: The astronomical and historical development

The mechanical clock controlled by a mechanical motion that continually repeats itself was invented in the 14th century. It soon led to a craze for great astronomical clocks simulating the motions of the heavenly bodies. These clocks gave rise to the idea that the universe is a clock-like machine. The invention of the much more accurate pendulum clock in the 17th century led to time becoming a fundamental concept in science. As a result, in the 18th and 19th centuries, the mechanical concept of the universe was gradually replaced by the evolutionary concept. Still greater accuracy achieved in the 20th century has led to time standards becoming basic for spatial as well as for temporal measurement.     

鄱阳湖水及其沉积物中的重金属调查

通过１９９２年５月１６日－６月２０日，１９９３年１月７日－２月５日的平，枯水期时鄱阳湖水及其沉积物中的重金属含量调查，进行了分析与评价。结果表明，信江东支河口，乐安河口，波阳河口等，以及湖区中的龙口，棠荫，湖口等区域水中的重金属含量为全湖较大区域，鄱阳湖枯水期水中的重金属含量高于平水期，部分区域枯水期Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ含量超过渔业用水标准，河口，湖区沉积物中的Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ等含量均较高，是湖水相应背景值     

广西省实施国家“十二五”环境保护规划中期评估研究

《国家环境保护“十二五”规划》是中国环保行业重要的纲领性文件。根据国家和广西对开展“十二五”规划中期评估工作的相关要求,采用定量定性相结合,辅助逻辑判断的方式,对广西涉及国家要求的142个指标,从目标指标完成情况、环境质量现状、重点领域工作开展、环境保护公共服务体系完善及保障措施落实等5个方面评估广西实施国家环境保护“十二五”规划实施情况。最后,总结得出规划实施过程中存在的问题,并提出“十二五”后期部署及对策建议。     

中国清洁生产现状及发展趋势探析

通过总结中国＂十一五＂期间清洁生产工作的进展现状,分析了＂十二五＂期间中国节能减排工作将要面临的严峻形势和未来清洁生产工作的发展趋势,阐述了清洁生产工作在＂十二五＂期间对中国环保事业的重大意义,并且分析了下一阶段清洁生产工作在中国农、工、服务业三大产业的工作重点,最后分别从环境政策、环境管理、环境标准、技术研发等方面提出了中国＂十二五＂期间推行清洁生产工作的保障措施,为中国清洁生产工作的推广奠定了坚实的基础。     

有机无机缓释复合肥对不同土壤微生物群落结构的影响

缓控释肥料作为一类新型肥料已成为近年来的研究热点,但对土壤微生物群落多样性影响规律的研究甚少.研究采用磷脂脂肪酸法分析缓释复合肥(SRF)、化肥(CF)和普通复合肥(CCF)分别施入酸性土和微碱性土恒温培养10、30、60和90d后的微生物群落结构多样性.结果表明,缓释复合肥等肥料施入2种土壤恒温培养(10~90 d)后检测到多种细菌(13:0,i14:0,14:0,i15:0,a15:0,i16:0,16:12OH,16:1w5c,16:0,i17:0,a17:0,cy17:0,17:02OH,i18:0,18:0,cy19:0w8c),2种放线菌(10Me17:0和10Me18:0)和1种真菌(18:1w9c).SRF在酸性土壤培养前期(10 d和30 d)较CF显著增加真菌PLFA含量8.3%和6.8%,在培养后期(60 d和90 d)较CCF显著增加真菌PLFA含量22.7%和17.1%;SRF较CF和CCF显著增加微碱性土壤在整个恒温培养期(30 d除外)土壤细菌、真菌和革兰氏阳性菌PLFA含量.酸性土壤培养30 d和90 d时一般饱和脂肪酸/单烯不饱和脂肪酸PLFA值以SRF显著高于不施肥(CK)、CF和CCF,而在微碱性土壤上SRF仅在恒温培养60d时显著高于CK、CF和CCF;SRF较CCF显著降低酸性土壤(30~90 d)和微碱性土壤(10~60 d)异构PLFA/反异构PLFA值.从2种土壤PLFA种类、含量以及相对丰度等可知缓释复合肥较化肥和普通复合肥提高了土壤微生物PLFA种类和含量以及减弱对微生物生存环境的胁迫,缓释复合肥在2种土壤中尤其对酸性土的作用明显.通过研究缓释复合肥对土壤微生物群落结构多样性的影响,以期为农业生产上广泛施用缓释复合肥提供科学依据.     

基于小波分析的PM2.5分布特征及差异分析

为了解西北内陆和东部沿海PM_2.5浓度值特征和差异,使用小波分析和Spearman相关性分析对12个主要城市冬、春季PM_2.5浓度值进行分布特征和差异对比分析。结果表明:受地理位置和地形差异影响,PM_2.5浓度值在西北内陆和东部沿海城市有明显差异性。主要表现在:1）冬、春季西北内陆和东部沿海地区PM_2.5分布存在明显差异,东部沿海空气质量优于西北内陆,PM_2.5超标率相对较低,而乌鲁木齐和西安PM_2.5超标占比较高;2）小波分析显示,西北内陆和东部沿海在周期上表现出明显区别,但整体出现在冬季（80 d之前）;3）Spearman相关系数存在明显的距离衰减性,相关系数由西北内陆向东部沿海城市依次减弱;4）东部和西北PM_2.5浓度值突变在时间尺度上有较明显差异,西北内陆突变值整体出现在第2,11,24,49,70天,东部沿海则出现在第2,17,42,53,70天。     

The clinical impact of the first-trimester nuchal translucency between the 95th–99th percentiles

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical significance of nuchal translucency (NT) between the 95th–99th percentile in terms of typical and atypical chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs), associated fetal congenital defects and postnatal outcome.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of fetuses with NT between the 95th–99th percentile. Data regarding the rate of associated fetal defects, genetic abnormalities and postnatal outcome were collected.

Results

A total of 306 cases of fetuses with an NT between the 95th–99th percentiles were included. The overall rate of genetic abnormalities was 12.1% (37/306). Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 10.1% (31/306) of cases and 2% were ACA (6/306). Within this group, two were pathogenic Copy Number Variants (CNVs) and four were single gene disorders. The overall rate of fetal congenital defects was 13.7% (42/306). All ACAs were found in fetuses with congenital defects. Postnatally, a new diagnosis of a single gene disorder was made in 0.85% of cases (2/236).

Conclusions

The presence of an NT between the 95th–99th percentiles carries a 10-fold increased risk of fetal defects, representing an indication for referral for a detailed fetal anatomy evaluation. The risk of ACA is mainly related to the presence of fetal defects, irrespective of the combined test risk.     

全面推进可持续消费促进“十二五”环保目标实现

"十二五"规划中提出了加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提高生态文明水平的环保目标,要求全面推进可持续消费,并对可持续消费的三个主体即政府、企业与消费者提出了新要求。为推动我国可持续消费促进"十二五"环保目标实现,作为主导者的政府,应该建立国家可持续消费管理框架及相关的法律法规制度,运用经济手段引导可持续消费,深化配套的支撑性制度,同时加大政府信息公开以及环保宣传力度。企业作为实践者,应该引进高效的绿色供应链管理模式,通过试点方式由点到线到面逐步展开,并统一信息化管理开展高效的交流与协作。而消费者应该积极参与可持续消费,行使选择可持续消费的权利,积极参与环保监督。     

近60a来中国洪涝灾情变化趋势持续性和周期性研究

本文利用Hurst指数和小波分析工具对洪涝灾情的1950~2010年的变化动态作了分析,揭示了灾情序列的趋势持续性、特征时间尺度、周期特征和突变点,同时还定性地预测了洪涝灾情的未来走势。研究结果发现:1)根据Hurst指数计算结果,受灾面积时间序列的Hurst指数为0.9338,具有很强的正持续性。未来有进一步增加的趋势。因灾死亡人口数时间序列的Hurst指数为0.4845,具有很弱的反持续性。而房屋倒塌间数时间序列的Hurst指数为0.6124,具有较弱的正持续性,未来有较弱的减少趋势。2)小波分析方法具有较好时空域特性,可以描述洪涝灾害灾情变化的多尺度特征,将隐含在灾情序列中随时间变化的周期震荡显现出来,并确定灾情序列中的突变点位置,为深入探索中国洪涝灾害的时空复杂性提供了全新的理论工具。3)中国洪涝灾害灾情都存在多时间尺度特征,不同的时间尺度表现为不同的循环交替,大尺度的周期变化嵌套着小尺度的周期变化。总体上表现为由小尺度的震荡剧烈,没有明显的规律到大尺度出现明显规律后继续增强或先升后降。4)60 a来,中国洪涝灾害受害面积总体上保持着增加的趋势。在9 a和25 a上分别存在着第1和第2主周期。中国洪涝灾害因灾死亡人口总体上保持着明显减少的趋势。在8 a和18 a上分别存在着第1和第2主周期。中国洪涝灾害倒塌房屋总数总体上保持着减少的趋势。在8 a、17 a和25 a上分别存在着第1、第2和第3主周期。     

基于车载移动监测的北京市丰台区道路扬尘源排放特征

基于车载移动监测系统,对丰台区各类型道路、不同季节典型道路的积尘负荷特征进行分析.探讨不同环线区域内的道路车流量、积尘负荷、扬尘排放量的变化规律及原因,并运用ArcGIS软件得到道路扬尘积尘负荷和排放量的空间分布图.结果表明,各类型道路的积尘负荷均值和道路扬尘排放因子的大小顺序都为支路 > 次干道 > 主干道 > 快速路.车流量对道路扬尘积尘负荷和排放强度的影响呈反向关系.PM_2.5、PM₁₀和TSP的年排放量分别为1824、7539、39274 t·a^-1.从PM_2.5的年排放空间分布上来说,三环内网格排放量较大,其次是三环至四环,六环外的单位面积道路扬尘排放量最小.不同环线区域内的单位面积车流量和排放量大小顺序为三环内 > 三环至四环 > 四环至五环 > 五环至六环 > 六环外.而三环内、三环至四环、四环至五环、五环至六环、六环外的年均积尘负荷分别为0.67、0.73、0.76、0.80、0.79 g·m^-2.     

Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked hydrocephalus in a Chinese family with four successive affected pregnancies

We report on a woman with four successive pregnancies affected with X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH). The first child had prenatal craniocentesis and died in utero. The second child had a postnatal shunting operation, but suffers from severe growth and mental retardation at 5 years of age. In the third pregnancy, prenatal ultrasound detected hydrocephalus at the 16th and 20th weeks of gestation and the pregnancy was terminated. In the fourth pregnancy, ultrasound scanning at the 17th and 20th weeks of gestation revealed no remarkable findings, but hydrocephalus was detected at the 24th week. Autopsy confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. DNA polymorphism analysis of the Bell site of exons 17–18 of factor VIII gene of the woman and her last two fetuses seemed to be compatible with a linkage between the XLH locus and factor VIII gene. Although XLH has a variable presentation of ventriculomegaly, ultrasound scanning is still a useful tool for prenatal diagnosis at present. Earlier and more accurate prenatal diagnosis will be feasible with molecular analysis of the XLH locus or its flanking regions.     

基于中亚气候数据的开都河流域历史气候资料重建

20世纪被认为可能是近千年中气候最暖的时期,但由于20世纪前50余年西北干旱区没有或少有实测气候资料,因此该区域20世纪气候变化评估存在很大的不确定性。重建这一时期气候资料有助于提高20世纪干旱区气候变化评估可靠性。论文应用Delta方法和典型相关分析(CCA)方法,结合1961-1990年开都河流域以及中亚3个气象站点1901-1990年逐月气温和降水资料重建开都河流域1901-1960年气候资料,并分析比较两种方法的精度和适用性。研究结果表明:Delta方法重建的各气象站逐月气温整体上优于CCA方法;CCA方法重建的降水整体上优于Delta方法。Delta方法重建的1901-1960年逐月气温序列不同年份之间变化幅度大,CCA方法重建的气温序列相对比较平缓。两种方法重建的降水序列中均表现出各个年份年内分布差异大的特征。