开放静置体系中白地霉Y1对染料脱色降解研究

采用白地霉Y1对染料进行脱色，考察了染料初始浓度、接种量、pH值、C/N比和温度等因素对白地霉降解溴酚蓝的影响，并对其降解机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：白地霉能在开放静置条件下对部分染料进行有效的脱色，对溴酚蓝尤其有效。开放静置体系下，白地霉能对300 mg/L的溴酚蓝进行脱色，脱色pH和温度分别为2～8、25～40℃，高碳低氮环境中更有利于脱色，接种量对染料脱色影响不大。通过对胞外液絮凝及脱色作用、葡萄糖代谢情况及染料脱色扫描图谱分析表明，白地霉主要通过分泌胞外液对溴酚蓝进行作用，且能对溴酚蓝有效降解。     

拟康宁木霉活菌体处理含铜废水

以拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis)活菌体为吸附剂探讨了接触时间、初始铜浓度、投菌量、葡萄糖用量、碱浓度等因素对木霉活菌体处理含铜废水效果的影响.结果表明,在初始铜浓度100 mg/L,投菌量3 g/L,预处理碱浓度0.2mol/L的条件下,木霉活菌体吸附铜效果最佳,吸附量可达5.01 mg/g(湿).吸附Cu前后的拟康宁木霉菌降解四环素实验结果表明,吸附前后木霉对有机物均有降解效果,吸附过程属活菌体吸附.TEM结果显示,木霉去除铜的机制为表面吸附/络合和胞内富集,FTIR揭示了羟基是活性菌体吸附的主要基团,XRD分析结果证实了羟基与铜结合并以水蓝铜矾[Cu4(SO4)(OH)6H2O]形式络合于菌种细胞壁上,Langmuir吸附等温线较好地拟合了活菌对铜离子的吸附,表明菌体对铜离子主要为均质单层吸附.     

应用酵母菌处理木薯酒精废液的试验研究

应用酵母菌对木薯酒精废液进行了小型批量的处理试验研究.结果表明,该菌种对于高浓度有机废水具有很强的适应能力,能迅速形成优势菌群,分解有机物.在进水pH 5.0～5.5、温度30℃、曝气时间72 h、接种量1‰(v/v,活菌数为4.1×106个/mL)、溶解氧2～3 mg/L、BOD5∶N∶P为400∶2∶1条件下,COD和BOD5去除率可分别达85%和92%.该技术操作简单,可作为木薯酒精废液的一级生物处理,并可回收利用酵母蛋白.     

三七渣固态发酵生产绿色木霉的工艺条件研究

考察了发酵时间、孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、培养温度、光照条件等对三七渣固态发酵生产绿色木霉的影响,并采用正交实验优化了发酵工艺条件。结果表明,发酵过程受工艺条件的影响较大,孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、发酵时间3个因素的交互作用极显著(p0.01),这3个因素以及它们之间的交互作用对实验结果的影响程度排序为:交互作用固态发酵培养基装料量孢子液接种量发酵时间;在最佳的发酵工艺条件(即培养温度24℃、无光照、接种量20%(1g三七渣接种2mL绿色木霉孢子液)、固态发酵培养基装料量12.5g、发酵时间8d)下,平均产孢量可达10.10×109 cfu/g。     

高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白的菌种筛选

为了回收高浓度发酵废水中的有用资源,以近平滑假丝酵母(C.parapsilosis)、热带假丝酵母(C.tropicalis)、产朊假丝酵母(C.utilis)、汉逊德巴利酵母(D.hansenli)、酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)、皮状丝孢酵母(T.cutaneum)、白地霉(G.candidum)和黑曲霉(A.niger)8种常见工业菌种为研究对象,通过摇瓶发酵,考察了不同菌种利用高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白(SCP)的能力,同时比较废水灭菌和不灭菌两种条件对SCP产量的影响。结果表明,在废水COD浓度69 600 mg·L~(~(-1))、TN浓度4 048 mg·L~(~(-1))、初始pH 6.5、28℃、150 r·min~(-1)、灭菌条件下发酵40 h,C.parapsilosis的菌体生物量和粗蛋白含量最高,可达7.04 g·L~(-1)和1.87 g·L~(-1),对废水中COD和TN的去除率分别为33.5%和20.1%;C.parapsilosis和G.candidum可作为废水生产SCP并高效回收氮素和有机质的优势菌种。在不灭菌条件下,各菌种生产SCP的能力明显高于灭菌条件,且不同菌种产量差异不大,生物量和粗蛋白含量平均高达8.0 g·L~(-1)和4.0 g·L~(-1),废水COD和TN的去除率分别为47%和33%。     

水解酸化-改良UASB工艺处理玉米酒精废水

采用一种新的工艺技术方法即水解酸化-改良UASB工艺处理玉米酒精废水。结果表明,在改良UASB运行60 d顺利启动完成后,进水COD在5 470～7 910 mg/L之间,TN在70～107 mg/L之间,TP在115～187 mg/L之间,SS在864～1 490 mg/L之间的条件下,水解酸化对COD和SS的去除率分别达50%和51%,NH3-N经过水解酸化后升高。改良UASB对COD的去除率达80%,对NH3-N、TN和TP也有一定去除,去除率分别为12%、17%和20%,经过水解酸化及改良UASB处理利于后续好氧处理。     

纤维素酶产生菌的选育及发酵条件优化

通过紫外线和化学诱变方法对一株纤维素酶产生菌--绿色木霉他进行了菌株选育,提高了产酶能力,变异株T211的CMCase和FPA分别达到19.17 IU/mL和1.94 IU/mL.进一步对其发酵条件进行研究,优化了培养基和培养条件.优化的培养基为:微晶纤维素10 g/L,麸皮10 g/L,蛋白胨0.4 g/L,尿素0.4 g/L,硫酸铵2.0 g/L,吐温-80 2.0 mL/L,其他同Mandel's营养盐液;培养条件包括温度、摇瓶装量、转速和接种量分别为:27～28℃、50 mL/250 mL、180 r/min和4%～6%.在上述条件下,CMCase达到25 IU/mL,FPA达到2.5 IU/mL.     

壳聚糖季铵盐处理玉米酒精清糟液的研究

介绍了新型高效无毒天然高分子混凝剂壳聚糖季铵盐（GTCC）的制备，将GTCC和壳聚糖对玉米酒精发酵清糟液分别进行絮凝处理，结果表明，GTCC的絮凝效果明显优于壳聚糖，以黑龙江肇东华润金玉酒精厂清糟作为研究对明，当GTCC投加量为3mg/L（用量仅为壳聚糖的二十分之一左右）时，CODCr的去除率率达到25％，浊度去除率达78％，初步分析表明，壳聚糖季胺盐强的电中和能力是具有好的絮凝能力的主要原因。     

玉米浸泡液制备苏云金杆菌生物杀虫剂的影响因素研究

以玉米淀粉生产过程中的浸泡液为培养基,摇瓶发酵培养苏云金杆菌生物杀虫剂,通过一系列单因子试验,考察了不同培养条件(种子液的种龄、接种量、浸泡液的含固率、初始pH值、摇床转速、发酵温度及发酵时间)对苏云金杆菌在玉米浸泡液中的生长(菌数增长与芽孢形成)以及发酵液的生物毒效的影响.研究表明,在最佳摇瓶培养条件(种子液种龄10 h,接种量2%,浸泡液含固量3%,初始pH值7.0～7.5,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵温度30℃)下发酵48 h,活菌数和活芽孢数分别可达到7.9×108 CFU/mL和5.5×108 CFU/mL,毒力效价为698.0 IU/μL.本试验可为生物农药的工业化生产提供实用参数.     

絮凝-UV/O_3法处理粘胶纤维生产中的废碱液

粘胶纤维生产的压榨废碱液中含有大量的半纤维素,去除半纤维素是其稳定回收的关键环节,为降低处理成本和环境污染,同时为后期的工程设计和改造提供依据和参考,实验研究了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)分子量、PAM添加量、Ca(OH)_2添加量、UV/O_3处理温度和接触时间、活性炭停留时间对絮凝-UV/O_3法对半纤维素去除率的影响,获得了最佳参数。当PAM分子量为2 300万、PAM添加量为0.5 g/L、Ca(OH)_2添加量为3 g/L、处理温度为50℃、接触时间为2 h、停留时间为60 min时,废碱液中半纤维素去除率可达91%,处理后的碱液可以达到工艺回收的要求。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Atmospheric Acidity by means of the Displacement of the Equilibrium of Acid-Base Indicators

A method is described for determining acidity by means of the spectrophotometric determination of the displacement of the equilibrium of açid-base indicators. The method is simple, sensitive and free of known interferences. There is no dependence on costly or sophisticated equipment and the results obtained are reliable and reproducible.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。