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利用煮茧废水培养钝顶螺旋藻的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对缫丝厂煮茧废水和Zarrrouk培养基的主要营养成份进行了分析比较,筛选出了适合钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulinaplatensis)在煮茧废水中生长繁殖的培养基和与之相适应的驯化藻种。经室外150升煮茧废水扩大培养,干藻生物量可达16.03克/米 ̄2·天,粗蛋白含量达58.6%,含有17种氨基酸。比用Zarrouk培养基培养的螺旋藻产量提高15.78%,成本减少80%以上。培养后的煮茧废水COD和BOD_5浓度低于我国污水综合排放标准。研究结果表明:采用本实验室筛选的煮茧废水培养基和驯化藻种,在煮茧废水中大量培养螺旋藻,实现废水资源化是可行的,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
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混凝沉降法处理洗衣废水的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
洗涤废水含有表面活性剂和磷酸盐物质,直接排入水体会造成水体的污染,增加给水处理厂的处理难度,甚至会引起水体富营养化。本实验是通过投加PAC和PAM絮凝沉降联合活性炭吸附来处理商业洗涤废水,以去除废水中的COD。实验表明:采用PAC PAM 活性炭工艺处理洗衣废水的效果较好,投药过程COD的去除率可以达到60%以上,经过活性炭过滤后,总的去除率可以达到86%。出水ODD可以降至在50mg/L左右。 相似文献
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随着水体富营养化问题日益严重,藻毒素问题成为最近研究的热点,因此迫切需要一种先进、可靠和高效的藻毒素检测技术。本文综述了目前饮用水中关于微囊藻毒素的检测技术,包括动物试验法、细胞毒性检测技术、高效液相色谱技术、毛细管电泳、MMPB法、酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫层析法及蛋白磷酸酶抑制分析法等,并对未来藻毒素检测技术的发展提出了展望。 相似文献
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Epuvalisation生态净化床处理技术是一种主要针对分散型废水的新型污水处理技术,较人工湿地或生物塘等传统生态处理技术有着显著的优势,具有更高的净化效率、更好的灵活性、更低的运行维护成本及产生附有价值的副产品如蔬菜、花卉以及植物饲料或肥料等。无论是开路还是闭路系统,作为对废水进行深度(二级或三级)处理的技术,Epuvalisation废水生态处理系统对废水中的氮、磷以及像大肠杆菌、链球菌等生活污水的一些指示性污染物都具有良好的去除效果,处理后的废水可以用作农业灌溉或直接排放至地表水体中而无需担忧造成二次污染或引起地表水体的富营养化的问题。 相似文献
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接触氧化法处理玉米淀粉废水 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
江西国药厂淀粉分厂以玉米为原料,经浸泡、磨碎、分离、脱水等工序,生产玉米淀粉。该厂在年产5000吨淀粉的生产过程中。日徘放高浓度有机废水500吨。以前这些废水未进行处理和利用,直接排入农灌渠道,造成了水体发黑、发臭,破坏了水体的生态平衡,危害了农作物的生长。 相似文献
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李力 《国外农业环境保护》2010,(4):79-82
从活性污泥中提取微生物群处理蓝藻废水,有效降低水中藻类含量,确定影响除藻效果的主要因素。通过直接向蓝藻废水中投加驯化、优化过的菌液以及单因素实验,表明在容器中按V菌液:V废水为5:1000的比例投加菌液处理5d,藻类生物量得到明显控制,水样叶绿素a、TN、TP及CODCr去除率分别达71.2%、82.2%、77.4%和80.1%。实验结果说明,有效微生物群对蓝藻废水中的蓝藻有很好的抑制作用。 相似文献
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通过对某油田3个区域井场的废弃钻井液和取自集输站及注水站的油泥(砂)等两种固体废物进行急性生物毒性试验和浸出毒性试验,试验结果表明:该油田的废弃钻井液急性生物毒性相对较大,油泥(砂)不具有急性生物毒性;这两种固体废物均不具有浸出毒性和腐蚀性。 相似文献
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Ronald W. Ward G. Michael DeGraeve 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(1):41-48
ABSTRACT: This study determined the acute toxicity of waste water disinfected with chlorine, bromine chloride, or ozone. The residual toxicity of effluent dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide was also tested. Toxicity tests were conducted with cyprinid, salmonid, and centrarchid fishes, as well as several species of fresh water macroinvertebrates. Residual chlorine exhibited the greatest toxicity of the disinfectants tested; dechlorination with sulfur dioxide effectively eliminated the toxicity of chlorinated effluent. Residual ozone produced mortality in test animals only under special conditions where subjects were exposed to effluent immediately after it was contacted with ozone, and chlorobrominated effluent was more toxic to salmonids than chlorinated effluent. 相似文献
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W. H. van der Schalie K. L. Dickson G. F. Westlake J. Cairns Jr. 《Environmental management》1979,3(3):217-235
Spills of toxic materials into bodies of water receiving industrial waste discharges can be prevented only if frequent or continuous assessments of effluent quality can be made. Currently available methods can automatically measure individual physical or chemical waste components but cannot assess toxicity caused by the interaction of components or the presence of an unsuspected material. Aquatic organisms, in contrast, respond to their total environment and in this way integrate the effects of all the various chemical and physical waste parameters.This study evaluates the possibility of using the continuously and automatically recorded responses of fish to monitor the toxicity of industrial waste effluents. A review of previously developed toxicity monitoring systems is followed by a field evaluation of a method that uses the computer-monitored ventilatory patterns of 12 bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) to monitor the toxicity of an industrial waste effluent as it flows into a river. No known toxic spills occurred in the effluent during the operation of this system, but acetone added to the effluent waste caused responses from the fish at concentrations which peaked near the 96-hr LC50 level. Some responses were also noted when no known toxicant was present; these were related to environmental disturbances and system design problems. Recommendations are made for the design of future biologic monitoring units. 相似文献
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水体中氟乐灵的生物毒性和去除研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作为一种在全球范围内广泛使用的二硝基苯胺类除草剂,氟乐灵对环境和人体健康的潜在危害越来越受到人们的关注.本文首次总结了水体中氟乐灵的来源、生物毒性、毒性机理以及饮用水处理中去除氟乐灵的物理、化学和生物方法.传统单独的加氯消毒、生物膜工艺等通常难以高效去除水体中的氟乐灵,而以紫外线和臭氧为基础的高级氧化技术(AOPs)由于能产生具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基而对水体中痕量氟乐灵有较好的去除效果.最后在此基础上,对今后的研究方向进行了展望,提出改进饮用水中微量氟乐灵的毒性检测和去除工艺亟待解决的问题. 相似文献
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以白鲢鱼为实验生物,采用半静态实验方法,研究了几种油田化学剂的半致死浓度和安全浓度。研究表明:防膨剂、杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L、清蜡剂、四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂的96h半致死浓度LC50值分别为0.68、1.6、9.3、25、123、510、620、3240、4570、7410mg/L。根据化学物质对鱼类毒性物质分级标准,防膨剂属于剧毒物质;杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L和清蜡剂属于高毒物质;四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂和阻垢剂属于中毒物质;阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂属于低毒物质。这几种油田化学剂的安全浓度为0.068~741mg/L。此研究可为评价油田化学剂对水生生物的影响,制定废水排放浓度标准提供依据。 相似文献
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are used to resolve energy security and climate change problems. Although PV panels have long physical lifetimes, they would be eventually replaced by new ones with higher energy efficiency and then changed to waste. Depending on the types of PV cells, waste PV panels have different environmental impact potentials due to different contents of substances. This study assesses and compares hazardous waste, resource depletion, and toxicity potentials from metals in three types of PV modules (i.e., polycrystalline silicon (Si), amorphous Si, and CIGS (copper/indium/gallium/di-selenite) PVs) on per-watt electricity generation basis. Hazardous waste potentials are examined by using metal leachability tests, and resource depletion and toxicity potentials are evaluated by using life cycle impact assessment methods. The polycrystalline Si and CIGS PVs have hazardous waste potentials due to lead (Pb) and cadmium/selenium, respectively, whereas the amorphous Si PV does not. The polycrystalline Si PV has the highest resource depletion potential due primarily to silver; the CIGS PV has the next highest due primarily to selenium; and the amorphous Si PV had the lowest, which is derived primarily from tin and copper. For toxicity potentials, overall the amorphous Si PV had lower potentials, derived primarily from barium/copper/nickel/zinc, than the polycrystalline Si and CIGS PVs of which the toxicity potentials were primarily form copper/lead/nickel/silver and copper/mercury/molybdenum/nickel/silver, respectively. Therefore, waste polycrystalline Si and CIGS PV panels should be recycled and managed with priority, and PV technology development needs to be directed to amorphous Si PV from the material perspective. 相似文献