饮用水水质安全性的探讨

阐明了目前我国城镇供水水质安全所存在的问题：主要从藻毒素、消毒副产物、内分泌干扰物、铝浓度超标、出厂水的二次污染等五个方面加以讨论，且分析了它们的危害及产生原因。     

微囊藻毒素的检测及危害研究进展

微囊藻毒素是富营养化水体中最常见的藻类毒素,它是一类具有多种异构体的环状多肽物质。其毒性大、分布广,对环境和人类的健康有着重大的威胁,是水环境中的重要潜在危害物质。本文总结了微囊藻毒素的分子结构、理化性质、污染现状以及对其的检测方法,并且提出了展望。     

适用船载的藻水高效分离技术研究

综述了目前船载藻水分离技术的现状,结合陆基富藻水浓缩、脱水等研究,改进浓缩、脱水技术与设备结构的方法,优化工艺参数,形成集成高效、适于船载的富藻水浓缩脱水技术。对船载蓝藻混合技术、船载蓝藻絮凝技术、藻水初级分离技术进行集成,完成了整套高效分离工艺的方案设计与实船应用验证。船载藻水分离技术利用船只作为载体,富藻水处理能力大于50m~3/h,藻类去除率90%以上,具备机动灵活、快速清除表层蓝藻并进行就地分离、不占土地的优势,填补了国内空白,市场前景广阔。     

去除淡水浮游藻类方法的研究进展

在春至秋季，由于环境污染的影响，我国许多湖泊和水库中经常发生水华现象。由于浮游藻类的存在以及在生长繁殖和死亡过程中所释放出的各种藻类毒素，对水生生物和人畜安全造成严重的影响。因此，必须采取科学的方法对浮游藻类予以去除。去除浮游藻类主要有物理除藻、化学除藻、生物除藻等方法。     

粉末活性炭在饮用水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了粉末活性炭（PAC）的基本性质，并对其在饮用水处理应用中的重要影响因素进行了探讨；综述了PAC去除原水中嗅味物质、藻毒素、消毒副产物前驱物以及农药等痕量有机污染物的研究现状；分析了粉末活性炭（PAC）与其他工艺的组合技术在饮用水处理中的应用效果，并对其应用前景做出展望。     

浅论微生物技术控藻

富营养化水体会引起藻类增殖，影响人类的生存环境。阐述了利用病毒、原生动物、细菌等微生物技术控制富营养化藻类的研究进展，并对病毒控藻技术应用时的两个问题进行了讨论，认为利用微生物技术控藻需要对生态系统进行更加深入的认识和掌握。     

饮用水源区水中微囊藻毒素—LR检测——以四川省成都市百工堰水库为例

应用高效液相色谱法对四川省成都市饮用水源区--百工堰水库水样中的微囊藻毒素-LR进行检测.结果表明,水样中微囊藻毒素-LR的含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006)规定值.同时,对饮用水源水样水质的主要指标进行了测定,并探讨了微囊藻毒素-LR检测结果与水质监测结果的相关性.     

超声波除藻的机制以及安全性研究进展

超声波空化氧化是一种新兴的除藻技术。较之其他的除藻工艺,超声波有着无可比拟的优势,越来越受到重视。本文就超声波除藻技术研究中的热点问题——超声波除藻的机制以及超声波除藻的水质安全性的最新研究进展进行综述,并指出这些研究中存在的一些问题以及未来可能的研究方向。     

城区富营养化景观水体的生物修复技术

生物修复技术在富营养化景观水体中有其独特的应用价值,本文综述了生物操纵控藻技术、植物控藻技术和微生物控藻技术的研究现状,讨论和展望了不同生物修复技术相互结合在水体修复中的作用.     

富营养化水体的生物控藻技术概述

富营养化水体中的大量藻类对水质和生态系统构成极大威胁,利用生物法控制藻类是一个重要的发展方向。本文综述了利用鱼类、大型水生植物、底栖生物以及微生物等的控藻技术,分析了各项技术的特点和适用范围,并对相关研究进行了展望。     

用改良彗星试验检测工业废水的DNA损伤作用

采用改良彗星试验直接检测了多种工业废水不所引起的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ损伤。结果表明,所测的种各工业废话水均含有ＤＮＡ损伤剂,能够诱发培养的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ链断裂,其中以制革厂不的ＤＮＡ损伤作用最强。本研究显示出改良彗星试验在综合评价各种废水遗传毒性方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于偏振遥感技术反演大气气溶胶特性的方法

偏振探测技术是近几年发展起来的新型遥感探测技术,具有其他传统探测手段没有的特点.介绍了偏振探测的基本原理和偏振探测仪器对气溶胶特性反演的方法,并同传统的反演方法相比较,给出了偏振探测技术在气溶胶特性反演方面的优势,同时指出偏振遥感技术在云相态识别的优势.     

多管发酵法与其改进法检测水中粪大肠菌群的比较

粪大肠菌群是水体中粪便污染的重要指示菌，对于评价水质污染程度具有重要的卫生学意义。多管发酵法是传统的粪大肠菌群检测方法，但其步骤繁杂、周期长。目前，已有部分监测及科研人员对其进行了改进，笔者采用改进法与国标多管发酵法进行比较验证，认为Ec培养法可完全替代国标多管发酵法，纸片法亦可用于除酸性水样及菌量大的原污水外的其他环境水样中粪大肠菌群的检测。     

磺酰脲类农药特性及国内外监测技术研究现状

随着磺酰脲类除草剂使用范围的扩大和农民为提高除草效果而擅自增加用量，其在农作物、环境中的残留及其对人类健康和环境造成的毒害越来越为人们所关注。本文主要介绍磺酰脲类农药的特性，以及目前国内外对该类农药监测技术领域的一些研究成果。该类农药的监测技术主要有高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、气相和气质联用法、高效薄层析技术、酶联免疫生物测定法和放射性同位素示踪法等方法，这些检测方法为实际环境监测中选择最合适的分析方法监测磺酰脲类农药提供参考。     

公众对手机基站电磁辐射投诉典型问题及解答

随着中国的移动通信网络进入3G时代,手机基站建设掀起了新一轮高潮.手机基站是手机用户之间信息传递的枢纽,而信息传输的承载方式就是电磁波,也就是通常所称的"电磁辐射".由于绝大多数公众对电磁辐射并不了解,因此"谈辐色变",对手机基站的电磁辐射投诉量逐年增加,一定程度上影响了社区和谐与移动通信业的顺利推进.本文将比较有代表...     

Sustainable three‐well pumping strategy for efficient detection monitoring near waste impoundments

Efficient monitoring systems addressing the difficulty of detecting narrow contaminant plumes originating from unknown point sources are needed for modern landfills. A low‐discharge extraction and accompanying injection wells could potentially address this problem. This hypothetical computer‐modeling study involved a three‐well detection system consisting of one extraction and two injection wells at a rectangular landfill in a shallow, unconfined aquifer. The extraction and injection wells were located near the landfill's downgradient and cross‐gradient corners, respectively. Each injection well pumped at half the rate of the extraction well. A minimum pumping rate of 1.1 cubic meters per day was determined for the three‐well system; at this rate, all contaminant plumes originating within the landfill's footprint entered the extraction well prior to reaching a downgradient property boundary. In comparison, five passive (not pumped) wells detected all contaminant releases from the landfill. Results of this study suggest that a low‐discharge extraction well with accompanying injection wells may be an effective contaminant detection strategy at some waste impoundments.     

石油石化企业泄漏检测技术现状及前景

石油石化站场设备繁多,挥发性介质泄漏易造成安全事故。目前站场点式、线式等固定式检测设备存在泄漏检测反应滞后、泄漏点定位困难等缺点,便携式检测设备人工巡检工作量大。文章对可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术、红外热成像技术、红外多光谱技术和红外高光谱技术进行了分析,提出红外成像检测技术在泄漏检测方面优势明显,具有视频成像、反应迅速、定位准确、连续监控等优点,有望在石油石化行业普及。     

焦化废水BOD5接种质量控制

接种是BOD5质量控制关键。为了提高生物毒性较大的焦化废水BOD5测定结果的精密度和准确度,本文采用焦化废水活性污泥制备接种液,考察了接种底质和接种量对测定结果的影响。接种量为3～5mL/L时,BOD5值达到了GB 7488-1987质控要求。2个月的稳定性考察实验以及对随机水样的测定结果表明,该方法制备的接种液活性高、稳定性好,对改进焦化废水BOD5的监测有一定的现实指导意义。     

Comparing the utility of image algebra operations for characterizing landscape changes: the case of the Mediterranean coast

The aim of this study is to compare various image algebra procedures for their efficiency in locating and identifying different types of landscape changes on the margin of a Mediterranean coastal plain, Cukurova, Turkey. Image differencing and ratioing were applied to the reflective bands of Landsat TM datasets acquired in 1984 and 2006. Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) differencing were also applied. The resulting images were tested for their capacity to detect nine change phenomena, which were a priori defined in a three-level classification scheme. These change phenomena included agricultural encroachment, sand dune afforestation, coastline changes and removal/expansion of reed beds. The percentage overall accuracies of different algebra products for each phenomenon were calculated and compared. The results showed that some of the changes such as sand dune afforestation and reed bed expansion were detected with accuracies varying between 85 and 97% by the majority of the algebra operations, while some other changes such as logging could only be detected by mid-infrared (MIR) ratioing. For optimizing change detection in similar coastal landscapes, underlying causes of these changes were discussed and the guidelines for selecting band and algebra operations were provided.     

Investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.