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六种重金属对大肠杆菌体内质粒DNA一级结构的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
将质粒pBR322、c-Myc、pC53-SN3、pTB29转入大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)HB101中使其各自分别在含亚致死浓度Pb2+、Cd2-、Zn2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Hg2+的液体氨苄LB培养基中,振荡培养24h后,再将这些质粒抽提出来,通过限制性内切酶分析,研究了这些重金属离子对大肠杆菌体内质粒DNA分子一级结构的影响。结果表明,在供试的6种重金属离子中只有Hg2+处理可明显导致质粒DNA序列的改变。此外,供试6种重金属离子连续处理24h未发现可明显导致大肠杆菌体内质粒DNA链的随机断裂。 相似文献
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The acute toxic effect of the pesticide cypermethrin to Daphnia magna HB was examined. D. magna HB was exposed to cypermethrin at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mg/L for 24 h. Data showed that the 24 h-LG50 of cypermthrin on D. magna HB was 4.81 mg/L. In contrast, the 24 h-LC50 of K2Cr2O7 (the national standard toxicant) to Daphnia magna was 0.38 mg/L in the current study. Results indicated that the Daphnia magna was very sensitive to pesticides. In addition, the effects of the culture condition(such as hardness, temperature and DO etc. ) on Daphnia magna HB was also studied. 相似文献
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采用96h急性毒性试验检测了稀有鮈鲫封闭群和野生群对重铬酸钾、五氯酚、氯化汞、对氯苯胺、氯化镉等几种常见化学品的敏感性差异,并通过7d亚慢性毒性试验以及胚胎-卵黄囊吸收阶段毒性试验检测了对氯苯胺、氯化镉对稀有鮈鲫封闭群的亚慢性毒性.急性毒性试验结果表明,Cr6+、五氯酚、Hg2+、对氯苯胺和Cd2+对稀有鮈鲫封闭群的96h LC50分别为69.0mg/L,111.4,56.9μg/L,35.5,12.2mg/L;Cr6+对封闭群的96h LC50低于野生群(99.8mg/L)(P0.05).胚胎-卵黄囊吸收阶段和7d亚慢性毒性测试结果表明,Cd2+和对氯苯胺暴露后封闭群在孵化率、畸形率、死亡率、生长等方面均表现出毒性效应,其中生长指标更为敏感.以生长为观测指标,2种试验的结果无显著差异,对Cd2+的NOEC均为0.1mg/L,胚胎-卵黄囊吸收阶段试验中对氯苯胺的NOEC为2mg/L,7d亚慢性毒性试验中对氯苯胺的NOEC为4mg/L.本研究证明了稀有鮈鲫封闭群对化学药品的敏感性高,可作为化学品生态毒理学测试的种源. 相似文献
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A study on variable charge soils (volcanic Italian and podzolic Scottish soils) was performed to investigate the influence of soil
properties on the chemical composition of soil solution. Zinc speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in the soil solution were examined.
The soils were spiked with increasing amounts of Zn (0, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg) and the soil solutions were extracted using
rhizon soil moisture samplers. The pH, total organic carbon (TOC), base cations, anions, total Zn and free Zn2+ in soil solution were
analysed. A rapid bioassay with the luminescent bacterium Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 was performed to assess Zn toxicity.
The influence of soil type and Zn treatments on the chemical composition of soil solution and on Zn toxicity was considered and
discussed. Di erent trends of total and free Zn concentrations, base cations desorption and luminescence of E. coli HB101 pUCD607
were observed. The soil solution extracted from the volcanic soils had very low total and free Zn concentrations and showed specific
Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. The soil solution from the podzolic soil had much higher total and free Zn concentrations and showed no evidence
of specific Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. In comparison with the subalkaline volcanic soils, the acidic podzol showed enhanced levels of toxic
free Zn2+ and consequently stronger effects on E. coli viability. 相似文献
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镉免疫毒性机理的初步探讨 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
从免疫细胞功能调控因素初步探讨镉免疫毒性机理0.3-2.4mg/kg/d氯化镉连续给小鼠灌胃14d,观察免疫器官重量及免疫功能、淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度、钙调素(CaM)含量、巨噬细胞内NO、O2-、H2O2变化。结果是0.3-2.4mg/kg/d氯化镉对免疫器官重量未见有明显影响,但0.3mg/kg/d组腹腔灌洗液巨噬细胞总数减少、体液免疫和巨噬细胞吞噬功能抑制,淋巴细胞胞内钙离于增加、钙调素呈下降趋势,巨噬细胞NO生成、O2-减少、H2O2有减少趋势体外试验50μmol/L氯化镉出现抑制淋巴细胞转化、IL-2减少、胞内钙离子增加、CaM含量降低趋势认为镉免疫毒性可能与其引起淋巴细胞钙稳态失衡密切相关 相似文献
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铜和镉对蝌蚪的联合毒性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了铜和镉对蝌蚪的急性毒性和联合毒性,结果表明,Cu^2 对蝌蚪的24h,48h、96h和LC50分别为0.201,0.138和0.118mg/L;Cd^2 对蝌蚪的24h,48h和96h的LC50分别为32.1、23.3和18.9mg/L,Cu^2 和Cd^2 共存对蝌蚪的24h,48h和96h联合毒性相加指数(AI)分别为1.03、1.12和1.20。 相似文献
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镍钴转运酶NiCoT基因的克隆表达及基因工程菌对镍离子的富集 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用PCR技术从Staphylococcus aureus/ ATCC6538基因组中扩增出大小为1?053 bp的镍钴转运酶基因NiCoT gene,将其连接到pET-3c载体上构建重组质粒,并转化至E.coli BL21.筛选阳性菌并经酶切分析和PCR扩增双重鉴定.核苷酸序列测定及分析结果与GenBank中报道的同类基因相似性高达97%以上,表明其具有正确的NiCoT基因核苷酸序列.重组菌的SDS-PAGE结果图谱中,在相对分子量为39?000附近有特异性蛋白条带,大小符合预测值,表明NiCoT基因在E.coli BL21中成功表达.基因工程菌在IPTG用量为1.00 mmol·L-1,诱导时间为4 h的条件下培养对镍离子的富集能力最高.在不同镍离子浓度时,基因工程菌对溶液中Ni2+的平衡富集量为11.33 mg·g-1,与原始宿主菌相比提高了3倍.对基因工程菌吸附镍和钴的实验表明,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538的NiCoT对镍具有较高的特异性和富集容量,属于第Ⅲ类镍钴转运酶. 相似文献
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为明确不同发育阶段的斑马鱼对BPAF(双酚AF)暴露的易感性,采用暴露试验法初步研究了BPAF对胚胎期和幼鱼期斑马鱼的发育毒性. 结果表明:①BPAF暴露可延缓胚胎期斑马鱼的发育和孵化,使其出现心包水肿、卵黄囊异常、心率下降、心脏搏动停止等症状. ②暴露96 h后,ρ(BPAF)为2.0、2.5、3.0 mg/L暴露组胚胎期斑马鱼的畸形率高达100%,暴露24 h致畸的EC50(半数效应浓度)为2.00 mg/L,暴露96 h的LC50(半数致死浓度)为1.84 mg/L. ③暴露72 h后,对照组幼鱼期斑马鱼鱼鳔发育缺陷率为0;除ρ(BPAF)为1.0 mg/L暴露组外,其余BPAF暴露组幼鱼期斑马鱼鱼鳔发育缺陷率为100%. ④随着暴露时间的延长以及中毒程度的加深,幼鱼期斑马鱼出现的中毒症状依次表现为心包水肿、卵黄囊水肿、背脊弯曲、心跳停止,暴露48和72 h时其心包水肿的EC50分别为1.76、1.56 mg/L,暴露96 h的LC50为1.77 mg/L. 胚胎期和幼鱼期斑马鱼对BPAF暴露响应的差异分析显示,幼鱼期斑马鱼对BPAF暴露的反应更为敏感,幼鱼期斑马鱼的心包水肿症状可作为BPAF毒性响应的最佳指标之一. 相似文献
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针对病原性大肠埃希氏菌EHEC和EPEC的毒力基因eaeA和rfbE,选用特异性引物,建立了实时荧光定量PCR检测方法. 利用从污水中分离出的目的核酸片段构建重组质粒,通过测序和BLAST比对分析,确定了PCR扩增的特异性. 将重组质粒作为模板,分别测定标准曲线,在eaeA基因模板量8.77~8.77×105 copy,rfbE基因模板量4.98~4.98×105copy的范围内,Ct(循环阈值)与模板量的对数值具有良好的线性关系〔R2为0.997(eaeA)和1.000(rfbE)〕. 结合膜吸附洗脱浓缩方法,对于实际水样,eaeA和rfbE基因的检测限分别为1.75×102和9.96×101copy/100 mL. 利用该方法对城市污水处理厂进、出水进行检测的结果显示,污水二级处理工艺对这2种毒力基因的去除效果明显. 相似文献
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Sedum alfredii Hance, a newly discovered hyperaccumulator, could serve as a good material for phytoremediation Cd polluted sites. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidases (catalase (CAT); superoxide dismutase (SOD); peroxidase (POD)) in the leaf were determined when S. alfredii was treated for 15 d with various CdCl2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 800 μmol/L. The results showed that the production rate of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), which is an indicator of ROS level, reached up to the maximum at 400 μmol/L CdCl2 and then declined with the increase of CdCl2 concentration, while MDA accumulation tended to increase. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at all tested CdCl2 concentrations and SOD activity was sharply suppressed at 800 μmol/L CdCl2. However, the enhancement of POD activity was observed when CdCl2 concentration was higher than 400 μmol/L. In addition, its activity increased when treated with 600 μmol/L CdCl2 for more than 5 d. When sodium benzoate, a free radical scavenger, was added, S. alfredii was a little more sensitive to Cd toxicity than that exposed to Cd alone, and the Cd accumulation tended to decline with the increase of sodium benzoate concentration. It came to the conclusions that POD played an important role during Cd hyperaccumulation, and the accumulation of ROS induced by Cd treatment might be involved in Cd hyperaccumulation. 相似文献
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IntroductionOrganismslivingunderpollutionstressvariedresponses,fromchangesingrossmorphologytochangesinbiochemistry .Plantsinparticularhaveevolveddiversewaysofrespondingtoadversechangesintheirenvironment.Plantsovercomesevereenvironmentalstressbydevelopi… 相似文献
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通过生物测试,研究了加乐麝香和重金属镉在模拟城市径流和清水条件下对大型水蚤(Daphnia magna)的单一、联合毒性效应.结果表明,在单一毒性效应试验中,当暴露时间为24,48h时,加乐麝香和镉在模拟城市径流条件下的EC50值分别为2.455,1.187mg/L以及0.384,0.304mg/L;在清水试验条件下的EC50值分别为0.533,0.189mg/L以及0.359,0.244mg/L.2种污染物在模拟城市径流条件下EC50值均高于清水条件下的EC50值.采用毒性1∶1试验测定2种污染物联合毒性效应,当暴露时间为24,48h时,在清水条件下AI>0,二者联合毒性效应表现为协同效应;在模拟城市径流条件下,AI<0,联合毒性效应为拮抗效应. 相似文献
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汞和硒对剑尾鱼的急性毒性及其安全浓度评价 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:25
用重金属汞(Hg+2) 和硒(Se+4) 对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)进行急性毒性和联合毒性的实验。其目的在于评价水环境中Hg+2和Se+4对鱼类的影响,为制订渔业水质标准提供参考数据。结果表明:Hg+2对剑尾鱼的 24、48、96 h的 LC50分别为 1.71、1.35、0.84mg/L;Se+4对剑尾鱼24、48、96 h的Lc50分别为17.91、12.59、6.64 mg/L;在浓度和毒性比都为1∶1的条件下,24 h都表现联合作用,而48 h、96 h则为拮抗作用。剑尾鱼对Hg和Se的最大容许浓度分别为:0.0084和0.064 mg/L。结果还表明:剑尾鱼幼体对Hg和Se敏感,是一种较理想的环境污染指示生物。 相似文献
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利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法研究了铜离子对超螺旋X174 RF DNA结构的影响. 铜离子浓度为10-3 mol/L 和10-4 mol/L 时,与DNA作用24h后,可直接使质粒DNA的超螺旋结构完全转化为其它结构. 低浓度铜溶液(10-6 mol/L) 与DNA作用24h后,52%的超螺旋结构发生了转化. 48h时,69%的超螺旋结构转化为其它结构. 在铜离子浓度一定的条件下,随着二者相互作用时间的延长,DNA超螺旋结构逐渐开环,断裂直至完全消失. 作用时间一定的条件下,铜离子浓度越高,越容易开环断裂,形成其它结构. 铜离子浓度、铜离子与DNA作用的时间以及DNA各种结构百分含量之间具有一定的剂量-效应关系. 通过测定DNA超螺旋结构的这种变化有可能发展一种相对于同一标准的比较污染物环境有害性的方法. 相似文献