加快农村环境建设,促进农村经济发展

文章分析了浙江省农村环境建设的现状及其存在的问题，提出了加快农村环境建设的对策措施。对农村环境建设，改善农村环境具有一定的指导意义。     

农村环境污染不容忽视

城乡改革的深入,使乡镇企业蓬勃发展。这不仅对安置农村剩余劳动力,活跃农村市场、促进农村经济和农业生产的发展、提高农民生活水平有着重大作用,而且对建立新型城乡关系,建设农村两个文明,也有着深     

农村合作经济组织发展中的农村能人带动效应

农村合作经济组织是完善家庭基本经营制度的创新方向,是推进农业产业化经营的重要力量.在我国农村合作经济组织发展中,农村能人在促进农户间产生信任、推进组织关系凝聚、强化组织关系网路和带动组织间互动合作方面发挥着显著作用.依据农村能人带动、组织关系构建与合作经济组织发展这一主线,对农村能人在农村合作经济组织中发挥的作用进行了剖析,探讨了我国农村合作经济组织发展中农村能人的能力建设、成长环境营造等问题.     

亮剑农村环保

正自2008年国务院召开全国农村环境保护工作会议后,一场自上而下的农村环保攻坚战正在全国打响。201 3年1 700多万人直接受益农村环境整治,这是环保部晒出的新的农村环保成绩单。环保部晒农村环保成绩单2月1 1日,在国新办201 3年环保工作进展情况发布会上,环境保护部副部长翟青介绍,环保部很     

我国农村生态环境保护与农村经济可持续发展的探讨

良好的生态环境是农村经济发展的重要前提。农村经济的可持续发展是我国现代化建设中的重要任务，也是整个国家稳定和发展的前提和基础。本文对农村生态环境和经济发展现状进行概述，基于经济学理论分析了农村生态环境和经济发展的矛盾，提出了在生态环境保护下的农村经济的可持续发展措施。     

国内外农村空气污染研究进展

<正>农村空气污染防治是农村生态环境建设的重要内容,加强农村空气污染防治研究,对解决我国当前农村空气污染问题,具有积极的理论和现实指导意义。进一步开展农村空气污染防治机制的研究,需要在理论和方法上均有所突破。通过采用文献资料法和对比分析法,在简要分析国内外相关研究的基础上,重点总结农村空气污染现状、农村空气污染影响因子,分析当前研究的经验和存在的问题,并为今后的研究探索提供方向。     

甘肃农村水贫困与农村经济贫困协调性研究

运用系统耦合协调度理论,在剖析水贫困和经济贫困含义的基础上,构建农村水贫困和经济贫困双系统耦合协调测度模型(WPI-EPI模型),同时以水资源较为匮乏和经济发展相对落后的甘肃省为例,对该区2000—2013年农村水贫困和农村经济贫困评价得分、两者耦合协调度及空间分异进行了测度和研究。研究发现:从时序角度看,甘肃省农村水贫乏和农村经济贫困耦合协调度整体呈上升状态,受政策调整等因素的影响呈现三个不同阶段;从空间分异角度看,甘肃省农村水贫困和农村经济贫困耦合协调度由东南向西北递增,耦合协调度空间分布不均衡,需因地制宜制定减贫政策。     

农村环境保护事关民生

正环境问题是重要的民生问题,而农村环保又是当前环保工作中的薄弱环节。保障和改善民生,就要着力解决好农村问题,而要解决好农村问题,必须以良好的农村环境质量作为基础保障。目前农村存在的主要环境问题包括以下几点:一是规模化畜禽养殖污染日益加重。规模化畜禽养殖场环评率较低,畜禽粪便无害化处理率、利用率都不高。     

浅谈改进农村供水工作

文章分析了农村供水工作中存在的问题，提出了改进农村供水工作的对策和农村供水改革的建议，为促进农村供水工作提供了一定的参考。     

海东地区农村环境污染问题的调查

文章结合青海省海东地区农村环境污染的实际，针对农村环境的主要污染源，分析了农村环境污染的主要问题及成因，提出了解决农村环境污染问题的对策和建议。     

Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa

Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana

As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations.     

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术研究进展

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术已得到了广泛关注.本文从电极材料与应用,电极结构及反应器形状,以及与其它处理方法联用等综述了最新研究进展,并在此基础上总结出了电催化氧化技术今后的发展方向.     

Sustainability Appraisal in neighbourhood planning in England

The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA.     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

我国城市生态评价研究进展

城市建设带来了越来越多的生态环境问题，生态城市建设是解决这些问题的良好途径。生态城市的建设要有一定的评价体系作为支撑，本文综述了国内基于AHP方法建立的应用较为广泛的城市生态评价体系和方法，并对国内城市生态评价的现状做了分析。     

Status and trends in EFlows in southern Africa

Environmental Flows (EFlows) are defined as the quantity, timing and quality of the flow of water, sediment and biota necessary to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. As such they are a vital component of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A recent survey found that, in general, Africa lags behind schedule with respect to the global SDG Target 6.5 to implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate. This web-based review explores progress made in EFlows Assessments and implementing their outcomes in southern Africa. It outlines the apparent impetus to the uptake of EFlows provided by legislation, common funding mechanisms for EFlows assessment and evolving trends in EFlows assessment. It also highlights instances of implementation of EFlows in both in-country and transboundary settings.     

Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States

Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas.     

生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展

有机氯农药是高残留农药，进入生物体后会长期残留，对生物体产生危害。近年来，生物体中的有机氯农药的研究越来越引起各国环境化学家、生态学家的重视，渐渐成为环境化学、生态毒理学研究的热点之一。本文总结了近年来国际上有关生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展情况，以及所取得的主要研究成果。